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Approaches in Counselling
Approaches in Counselling
Approaches in Counselling
APPROCHES IN COUNSELLING
Psychoanalytical approach Behavioral approach Humanistic approach Cognitive behavioral approach Eclectic approach
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROCH
Gain more dramatic insight into how their defenses & resistances work Focused on the influence of the past experiences Analyzing the root cause of behavior & feelings by exploring the unconscious mind & the conscious minds relation to it
CONTINUED.
The unconscious experiences have a powerful impact on our daily functioning
BASIC TECHNIQUES
Free association Interpretation Dream analysis Resistance Transference
FREE ASSOCIATION
Basic tool for uncovering repressed or unconscious material
INTERPRETATION
Analysis of free association, dreams, resistances & transference feelings Explain underlying meaning of behavior Designed to accelerate the therapeutic process of uncovering unconscious material
DREAM ANALYSIS
Essential procedure for uncovering unconscious material Freud saw dream as the royal road to the unconscious Dreams express unconscious needs, conflicts, wishes, fears & repressed experiences
RESISTANCE
Individuals reluctance to bring into conscious awareness threatening unconscious material that has been previously repressed
Free association, an uncensored & uninhibited flow of ideas produced by the client that offers clues about the persons unconscious conflict
TRANSFERENCE
Clients project attitudes & feeling that they have had for a parent or others close to them onto the therapist
Start by bring positive, which helps the analysis since the clients works to please him
ADVANTAGES
Spends great deal of time on exploring the clients past uses free association
Raise the unconscious content of the mind to consciousness Providing client with more control over his or her life
DISADVANTAGES
It is a very time intensive therapy Sometimes involving several sessions a week for several years It is more expensive
BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
People behave in the way that their environment has taught them to behave Eg :Through rewards & punishments modeling Attempts to change the way the environment reinforces particular behavior Works at applying learning principles to help people to learn new behavior
TECHNIQUES
Systematic desensitization Aversion therapy
SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATION
Effectively overcome phobias & other anxiety disorders Relaxation
AVERSION THERAPY
Aversive stimulus is applied when undesirable behavior occurs
CONTINUED. These approaches try to increase positive behavior & decrease negative behavior by using reinforcement & punishment in the most effective ways based on learning principles
ADVANTAGES
Successful medicine in treating some people with mental health condition Relatively short compared with other types of talking treatments Highly structured in nature Provide in a number of different formats other than talking therapies
DISADVANTAGES
It may not be suitable for people who have more complex mental health needs, or learning difficulties Therapy only addresses current problems & focuses on very specific issues It does not address the possible underlying causes of mental health conditions, such as an unhappy childhood
HUMANISTIC APPROACH
Opportunity to explore creativity, personal growth & self development It provides the client with a deeper understanding of who they are ? Offering a non judgmental, supportive & understanding service in a safe & confidential environment
ADVANTAGES
To expand clients' self-insight through the major forms which includes specific philosophies To stress to clients that they have natural motivational tendencies toward growth, health, and fulfillment Therapist helping each patient realize their potential.
DISADVANTAGES
Deals with hard to define concepts and thus results are hard to measure
GESTALT THERAPY
Focuses on the whole of an individuals experience, their thoughts, feelings & actions Promoting self awareness is the main objective Improving the ability to support ones emotional feelings are also important
ADVANTAGES
Patients are encouraged to become aware of immediate needs, meet them, and let them recede into the background Emphasizes medium to large groups It is practiced in individual, couples, and family therapies, as well as in therapy with children.
DISADVANTADES
Focus too much on individual's happiness and growth at the expense of other goals. Focus too much on feelings and not enough on thought and decision making. Not effective with more disturbed individuals.
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
It involves an individuals growth & development Three ego states parent, adult & child Ego states are useful for analyzing unconscious scripts Identify what goes wrong in communication
EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOTHERAPY
Operates on the beliefs that inner conflicts within a person is due to that individuals confrontation with the gives of existence It emphasis is on the choices to be made in the present & future Relate the unfulfilled needs & potential Individual to redirect their energy to best fulfill their needs & reach their potential
APPROCHES IN CBT
Cognitive therapy Rational emotive behavior therapy Multimodal therapy
ECLECTIC APPROACH
To provide the best mixture of ideas & techniques for each client
ADVANTAGES
Does not restrict ideas only one perspective Allows new ideas to be generated Provides a fuller understanding of behavior as it considers all relevant factors and how they might combine
DISADVANTAGES
May lead to confusion because there are too many views expressed
The different approaches are very different from each other it is difficult to combine them to make one new theory