Deciduous dentition

Prerequisite knowledge
y Growth & development of face and jaws both prenatal

and postnatal y Eruption of teeth timing and sequence y Morphology of teeth both primary and permanent y Terminology of key words y Masticatory movements and path of closure of the mandible

definition of terms used

y Deciduous dentition y mixed dentition y Permanent dentition y Predecessor y Successor

Over bite
y Vertical distance between upper and lower incisal

edges

Over jet
y Horizontal distance between upper and lower incisal

edges.

Inclination of teeth
y Proclined y Vertical y Retroclined

Arch relationship

At birth

Adult

At birth - gum pads

y Upper horseshoe - shaped y Lower U - shaped y covered with thick fibrous muco periosteum. y Contain 24 crypts of developing teeth. y Separated , tongue lies in between

Development of deciduous dentition.

Eruption of deciduous incisors.

y During the first year, the gum pads enlarge and arches

widen to provide space for erupting incisors. y Timing of eruption 6 month variation y premature eruption of teeth natal and neonatal teeth.

Deciduous dentition
y Natal teeth y Neonatal teeth.

Sequence of eruption
y Lower central incisor y upper central incisor, y Lower lateral incisor y upper lateral incisor, y Lower primary first molar, y Upper primary first molar y Lower and upper primary canines y Lower and upper primary second molars.

Primary dentition.

Typical features of primary dentition

y Colour - whiter than permanent teeth y Size incisors and canines are smaller than permanent

teeth

. Typical features of occlusion of primary dentition.

y Incisors are upright y Primate space present y positive over jet and over bite y each maxillary tooth occlude with two mandibular

teeth. y Distal surfaces of primary second molars in same vertical plane.

Primary dentition.

Inclination of deciduous and permanent incisor.

Primate spacing/Anthropoid spaces

Age changes from 3 to six years.

y Spacing begin to appear or existing spaces increase

due to growth y occlusal attrition y incisor position become edge to edge y distal surfaces of second molar may not remain in same vertical plane

Development of occlusion
y Mixed dentition stage 6-12 years

Beginning of the mixed dentition

y Lower first molar erupt around six years.

Mixed dentition begins with eruption of first molars.

Mixed dentition begins

eruption of incisors

Permanent incisors and first molars erupted.

Space gaining for incisor eruption

y Total size of lower primary incisors -17mm y Total size of lower permanent incisors -23mm y Upper primary incisors -23mm. y upper permanent incisors -30mm.

Space made available to accommodate incisors

y 1. Spacing already present in th incisor region y 2. increase of inter canine width y 3.upper incisors erupt into wider arc

Mixed dentition

Mixed dentition

Lower canines first premolars and upper first premolars erupted

Lower first premolars canines and upper first premolars erupted.

Upper and lower incisors,lower canines fist premolars and upper first premolars erupted.

Upper canines and second premolars and lower second premolars developing

Only lower second premolars not erupted

Early Permanent dentition stage

Leeway space
y Difference between total mesio -distal size of primary

canine and both primary molars always larger than total size of permanent canine first premolar and second premolar.

C+D+E> 3+4+5

y Leeway space = (C+D+E )- (3+4+5)

Lee way space

Permanent dentition established

Permanent dentition established

Arch length and width change from deciduous dentition to permanent dentition.

Transient malocclusions seen in the mixed dentition



Transient incisor crowding

Transient incisor crowding

Physiological diastema

Physiological diastema

Features of normal OCCLUSION

y Skeletal bases should be ideal y Correct size and correct relationship

Facial proportions

Skeletal base relationship

Jaw size and relationship

Occlusal features
y All teeth are present and in correct contact with

their immediate neighbors in the same arch with no spacing or rotations. y There is no tooth size disproportion between maxillary and mandibualr teeth. y The teeth are at correct inclination and angulation in their respective skeletal bases. Teeth of the buccal segment should be slightly mesially and lingually inclined and the teeth o f the labial segment should be slightly mesially inclined and proclined.

y Each upper tooth occludes with corresponding

tooth in the lower arch and one distal to it, with the exception of the upper third permanent molars. y Upper teeth lie labial or buccal to the lower teeth The lower labial segment teeth therefore, occlude with the palatal surface of the upper labial segment teeth and the buccal cusps of the lower buccal segment teeth occlude in the fossae of the upper buccal segment teeth.

y Occlusal plane is slightly curved and can be considered

to form a part of a sphere. The curvature in the sagittal plane is known as the Curve of Spee Curvature in the coronal plane is known as Curse of Monson. y The incisor, canine and molar relationship are class 1

In function following observations are made,

y On protrusion there is incisal guidance where the

incisors remain in contact with the buccal segment teeth out of occlusion.

y In lateral excursions there is either canine guidance or

group function in the buccal segments and there is no balancing or non working side interferences.

crowding

Occlusal features
y No rotations y No crowding or spacing y Correct inclinations y class I occlusion y occlusal plane has a slight curve y Curve of spee and Curve of Monson

No spacing No rotations

Incisor relationship

One upper tooth occlude with two lower teeth except third molars

Occlusion of Molars.

Molar relationship

Class I incisor , canine and molar relationship

Curve of Spee

Curve of Monson