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Neha Mehendale WRM - Process and Energy Studies of An STP
Neha Mehendale WRM - Process and Energy Studies of An STP
Neha Mehendale WRM - Process and Energy Studies of An STP
Introduction
y STPs an important requirement y Deal with high BOD of sewage y Preventing adverse impact on water bodies y Energy intensive process
Technogr een
E nvir onm ental S olutions
y Services include Air, Water and Soil Quality Management, Solid and
Treatment
y Kirloskar Brothers Ltd. , Mahindra & Mahindra, ITC Ltd., Siemens Ltd.,
Objectives
y Understanding the process of STP y Energy consumption at the plant y Suggestions for reducing energy costs
Time Line
30th May 4th June 2011 6th June 2nd July 2011 Reporting at Plant and deciding project plan, Plant Visit Study of Sludge Treatment Process and Unit-wise analysis of parameters Data Collection for energy studies Compilation and Analysis Documentation
4th 9th July 2011 11th 16th July 2011 18th 23rd July 2011
Anaerobic Digesters
Aeration Tanks
Energy Consumption
y Estimate of different forms of energy was made y Electrical y Manual y Mechanical y Information gathered y Details of Electrical Equipment y Staff working at plant y Use of fuel at plant
Energy Consumption
y Electrical Energy
Ep = Pt 3.6 (MJ)
= Power factor (assumed to be 0.9), P= Power of the electrical equipment in kWh T= corresponding hours of electricity operation, 3.6 = energy equivalent 1 kWh
Energy Consumption
y Manual Energy
i !6
Em ! EiNiTi
i !o
Ei= Energy equivalent for an adult working for 1 hr, Ni= Number of people, Ti= Time spent in Labour
y Mechanical Energy
Ef = 56.31 D (MJ)
56.31 = unit energy value of diesel, MJL-1; D = liters of diesel consumed
(Waheed et al., 2008)
Energy Consumption
Unit Operation Raw Sewage Collection Pre-Treatment Primary Treatment Aeration Secondary Treatment Chlorination Sludge Treatment Other Processes TOTAL Electrical (MJ) 9720.00 233.28 524.88 37091.52 233.28 291.60 4881.77 526.26 53502.59 Manual (MJ) 52.56 52.56 52.56 52.56 52.56 52.56 52.56 52.56 420.46 Mechanical (MJ) 1.15 1.15 64.35 1132.94 1199.59 Total Energy (MJ) 20573.71 546.19 1160.64 78356.88 545.04 668.16 10422.88 2296.48 55122.64
Observations
y Current design inconsistent with expansion plan y Faulty analytical procedure y Non-utilization of biogas as energy
Limitations
y Lab equipment failure and power cuts y Unavailability of data y Duration of project
References
y APHA, 1998, Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, y y y y
y y
Section 2540 D for TSS and 5220C for COD Bhairoba Nala Plant Layout, 2001, Pune CPHEEO Manual, 1999, Manual on Water Supply and Treatment Electrigaz 2011, Biogas FAQ, Available at <http://www.electrigaz.com/faq_en.htm>, [Acessed on 22/07/2011] H. Singh, D. Mishra, N.M. Nahar, 2002-2004. Energy use pattern in production agriculture of a typical village in arid zone, India - Part I,II and III, Energy Conversion and Management Kansal A., 2011, Lecture notes on Solid Waste Management and Water Quality Management MAHADISCOM 2011, Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd Bill Calculator, Available at <http://www.mahadiscom.in/>, [Acessed on 22/07/2011]
References
y Middlebrooks E.J., Middlebrookes C.H., Reed S.C., July 1981. Energy
y y
y y y
Requirement for Small Wastewater Treatment Systems, Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 53, No. 7, pp. 1172-1197 Mittal, V.K., Mittal, T.K. and Dhawan, K.C. 1985. Research digest on energy requirements in agricultural sector. Panell S. D., 2005, Anaerobic Digestion Options for Industrial Wastewater, Available at <http://pieinternational.com/iwwt/Pannell.pdf>, [Acessed on 25/07/2011] Panter Keith, 2008, Mass and Energy Balances in high solids digestion following thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment, Ebcor Ltd. Vaidya M.V., 2008, PMC STP Audit Report Waheed M.A., Jekayinfa S.O., Ojediran J.O., Imeokparia, 2008. Energetic analysis of fruit juice processing operations in Nigeria, Energy, Vol 33, pp. 35-45