Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology Taiz University, Taiz, Republic Of Yemen December 29, 2011

INDOOR EMERGENCY GUIDING AND MONITORING USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Copyright IDEG group December 2011 All Rights Reserved

IDEG Group: Majed Mouhsen Ahmed Mahmoud Yaseen Al-Mourish Mohammed AbdulHakim Al-Zubiri Mohammed Mahmoud Al-Shaboti Moufa Aidh Nawaf Sultan Al-Nofi

SUPERVISOR: DR\ ADEL ALI AHMED DR\ MOHAMED A.M.IBRAHIM

Outlines
Why IDEG? Motivations Goals Contribution WSN Design Implementation Conclusion

WHY IDEG?

MOTIVATIONS

What is IDEG?
Is a system used to show the people the safe way out of a building when fire event occurred by light circuits & display a map of the building has the safe path & the places where the fire occurred. Using WSN.

Motivations
The conventional systems have many missing things, they are just alerting people when there is a fire with out showing or guiding them to the safe path to get out of the building . Peoples life is invaluable, and alarm people about the fire is not enough, we should tell them where they should get out from, to avoid passing throw burning area, for this purpose we developed this system, and we hope it will save life of many people if it applied.

GOALS

Goals
Indoor Emergency Guiding and Monitoring using WSN consists of two parts : 1. Emergency Guiding In this point our project object is to guide an afraid people from fire to the safety exit doors by showing them the safe path that will take them to the safe exit doors . 2. Habitat Monitoring In this point the project allows to monitor the temperature, humidity degrees and intensity of light in every place in building.

CONTRIBUTION

Contribution
Save people life by showing them the safe path when an emergency situation(fire) occurred ,so people feel comfortable when they are inside buildings . Also the project will be helpful in many areas such as drugstores, plant nursery etc where there is an environment sensitivity.

WSN
WSN characteristics WSN Constrains WSN communication Sensor Node structure

WSN
WSNs are collections of compact-size, relatively inexpensive computational nodes that measure local environmental conditions or other parameters and forward such information to a central point for appropriate processing WSNs support a wide range of useful applications such as Forest fires detection, Military Applications, Health Care Applications and Industrial Process Control.

WSN cont.
A sensor network typically consists of a large number of sensor nodes densely deployed in a region of interest. The sink(s) sends queries or commands to the sensor nodes in the sensing region while the sensor nodes collaborate to accomplish the sensing task and send the sensed data to the sink(s). Sink collects data from the sensor nodes.

WSN characteristics
Limited power Ability to cope with node failures Mobility of nodes Dynamic network topology Communication failures Large scale of deployment Node capacity is scalable

WSN Constrains
Limited Resources
Power. Memory. Processor (computational) speed. Bandwidth.

Unreliable Communication
Unreliable Transfer. Conflicts. Latency.

WSN communication
Single-hop communication
a sensor node transmits its sensed data directly to the sink which leads to the single - hop network architecture.

Multi-hop communication
a sensor node transmits its sensed data toward the sink via one or more intermediate nodes , which can reduce the energy consumption for communication.

Sensor node structure

-

Sensing unit Processing unit Communication unit Power unit .

DESIGN
Hardware requirements Software requirements System workflow

Design
System requirements Hardware requirements

TelsoB platforms. TinyOS-2.1.1 . nesC. Vmware. Java programming language. PHP . Wamp package. Emergency Sensing. Habitat sensing. Store sensed data.

Software requirements

System workflow

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

TelosB TPR2420 model

An open-source platform used in research community. Offers many features, including:
IEEE 802.15.4 compliant RF transceiver. 2.4 to 2.4835GHz - ISM band. 250kbps data rate. Integrated onboard antenna. 8MHz TI MSP430 microcontroller with 10KB RAM. Programming and data collection via USB. Sensor suite including integrated light, temperature and humidity sensor. Runs TinyOS 1.1.11 or higher.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

TinyOS
TinyOS is an open source, operating system designed for low-power wireless devices. An embedded operating system written in the nesC programming language. TinyOS used to compile tinyos source code with nesC program to produce a hexadecimal file.

Network embedded systems C (nesC)

Primarily intended for embedded systems such as sensor networks. Has a C-like syntax Based on linking together software components into robust network embedded systems.

SYSTEM WORK FLOW

Emergency sensing

Habitat Sensing

Store sensed data

IMPLEMENTATION
Sensing data equations Running steps

Sensing equation
Sensing data read as a digital number refer to analog affect on the sensor, we convert it to engineering data using the following equations.

Java interface running steps

1.

Install nesC program to mote

make

telosb install,<nodeID>

2.

Run serialforwarder server program

Java

net.tinyos.sf.SerialForwarder comm serial@/dev/ttyUSB0:telosb

3.

Run java program & connect to server

Mote programming

Running serialforwarder

Normal situation

Habitat monitoring

Emergency situation

Web interface running steps

1. 2.

3. 4.

Open internet explorer Open the following url http://<server_name>/index.php Log in using user name and password. Enjoy browsing data.

Browsing data

CONCLUSION
Conclusion Gained skills Future work

Conclusion
One of the most widely usage of WSN is environment monitoring, and using sensing data to guide people at hazard situation was the idea behind this project. We succeed in implementing this idea physically using six TELOSB sensors each of them connected to external light circuit to show the exit path in emergency situation, and it provides solid results.

Future Work
Develop an approach to know the exit direction without need to know the environment where motes deployed, actually we tried once, but it needs a lot of motes to deploy. Integrate this project with already fire alarm security system.

Gained skills
Understanding micro devices programming & how it differs from computer programming. Programming WSN motes using nesC programming language. Understanding the WSN constraints practically. Gain some skills to deal with ubuntuOS. Understanding how to implement WSN applications. Dealing with a new Programming paradigm which is Components Linking.

Thank you for your attention