Presented by:Manpreet Kalra (10020242010) Prateeksha Rawat (10020242018) Surabhi Mittal(10020242029) Fatima Taiba Rashid (10020242036) Neha Chaudhary(10020242039)

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Introduction to Indian Fisheries Fish production and Export Market Challenges in Fishery Sector Solutions to the Issues Case Study-Triton Opportunities for Indian Fisheries

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India ranks3rd in Fisheries and 2nd in Aquaculture in the world Fisheries is one of the Largest Industrial sector, it provides
employment to millions of people and contributes food security of the country.

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Highest earner of foreign exchange The Indian coastline can be delineated into 22 zones, based on the ecosystem structure and functions.

Fisheries

Marine

Inland
http://indianfisheries.icsf.net

http://fsi.gov.in

GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU, 2011

StateState-wise marine fish production during 2008-09 2008Gujarat Kerala Tamila Nadu Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Karnataka West Bengal Orissa Goa Puduchery Andaman & Nicobar Islands Daman & Diu Lakshadweep (UT) 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 In Tonnes

http://fsi.gov.in

Source: FAO Fisheries The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2010

The 'fisheries and aquaculture sector' is recognized as the sector with huge potential in Indian agriculture.

It stimulates growth of number of subsidiary industries and is the source of livelihood for a large section of economically backward population, especially fishermen, of the country.

It helps in increasing food supply, generating adequate employment opportunities and raising nutritional level. It has a huge export potential and is a big source of foreign exchange earnings for the country.

http://business.gov.in/agriculture/fisherie se.php

Dermal fish (cod and haddock) Pelagic fish (Herring, Tuna etc) Crustaceans (Shrimps,crabs and
lobsters)

Molluscs and Cephalopods

(squid, cuttlefish, and octopus)

Marine mammals

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Indian major carps Rohu, Catla and mrigala Exotic carps silver carp, grass carp, common carp Catfish magur, ari, singhi. Tilapia also known as kowai. Trout golden mahseer, silver mahseer, silver grey mahseer and black mahseer.

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The 'Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries' is the main authority for development of fisheries' industry in India. It has been undertaking, directly and through the State Governments and the administrations of the Union Territories It introduces various production, input supply and infrastructure development programmes and welfareoriented schemes; besides formulating and initiating appropriate policies to increase production and productivity in the fishery sector. Further, the 'Ministry of Food Processing Industries' is another main agency responsible for sound growth of fish processing segment in India.

This is a major problem underpinning fishing activities.

Fishermen obtain credit through the so-called 'unofficial credit' system operated by fish merchants and retailers.

The high interest rates and difficult repayment terms required by banks often put such credit lines beyond the reach of smaller and more impoverished fishermen.

Also, scarcity of foreign exchange has resulted in an inability to purchase fishing materials such as nets, hooks and boats.

http://mofpi.nic.in

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A considerable quantity of fish is lost after being caught and before reaching the consumer. It is estimated that 15-20 percent of total fish supplies are lost because of insufficient care in handling and transport, poor processing, and bad packaging and storage. Ice, which is one of the cheapest and more effective ways of preservation, is not often used in remote areas or by the majority of inshore and coastal boats for reasons of tradition and/or lack of availability. Processing and refrigeration facilities are often plagued with operating problems.
http://mofpi.nic.in

Lack of adequate shore facilities is a major constraint. Inadequate or absent landing jetties, service facilities including workshops, ice and cold storage facilities, spare parts and fuel facilities handicap fishing communities and constrain the quality and therefore ultimate value of the fish landed. The road infrastructure is very poor causing difficulties in delivering quality products to consumers The former processing and storage facilities, which were the primary markets for the bulk of the fishermen, has meant that many fishermen are now redundant. The physical deterioration of existing onshore infrastructure, through natural and human damages, presents enormous difficulties for future rehabilitation and intervention.

http://mofpi.nic.in

Fish quality inspection at producers' level and in fish stalls/markets is almost non-existent. The problems of food poisoning due to eating of stale fish /fish products are very common

www.fao.org

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Monopoly activities by a few large traders or 'middlemen' tend to stifle the rational development of the market, due to vested interests. Middlemen with a very high level of business commission. The fish farmers have very small quantity of produce and have no financial power or knowledge of the prevalent market to determine/ dictate the farm-gate selling price of fish

www.fao.org

A major problem is the current lack of accurate, reliable and timely basic data from the fisheries.

Data formats vary widely and are often not amenable to effective stock assessment

At the national level there is a lack of comprehensive biological and economic statistics

The standard methods used for small-scale fisheries statistical systems (census/frame surveys, stratified sampling programmes, etc.) are lacking.

The key parameters such as catch, fishing effort, price and participants in the fisheries are largely unknown.

For stocks targeted by the industrial sectors

data on landed weights for major species size/ weight distributions of the catch

are either not gathered, not comprehensive or simply unreliable. ` Information on biological parameters such as reproductive state, stomach contents, length weight correlation, age structure of the populations etc. are not collected. ` Stock assessment surveys of commercial species have in some cases resulted in nothing more than a species list and distribution map of the fish caught, without providing any real stock information upon which management strategies could be developed.

www.fao.org

A common feature is the lack of effective communication between those formulating fisheries policy, and the fishing industries and communities who are ultimately affected by the management measures imposed. Fishing effort is limited due to lack of trained technicians (boat builders, engineers, refrigeration specialists), chronic shortage of spare parts, fuel supply, and working capital.
http://mofpi.nic.in

Uncontrolled collection of aquarium fish species, often with harsh techniques, has resulted in damage to the reefs similar to that witnessed in areas where dynamite fishing occurs.

http://www.environmentservices.com

Another major source of wastage is in the by catch and discards of non target or low-value species and undersized fish of target species.
The shrimp trawling industry is said to be discarding annually much more than the total volume of shrimp catch.

Bycatch and discards threaten the maintenance of aquatic biodiversity and the long-term sustainability of fisheries.

http://www.environmentservices.com

Notwithstanding the general concern over environmental degradation in recent years, fishery stocks and aquatic resources have been heavily overexploited. In many of the capture fisheries in the Pacific and Indian oceans, the rate of harvesting has exceeded the natural rate of renewal, resulting in biological overfishing. FAO estimates that 69 percent of the world's marine stocks, for which data are available, are in need of urgent corrective conservation and management measures More than 69 percent of the stocks of demersal and pelagic fish, crustaceans, and mollusks in various areas of the world's oceans need rehabilitation. A Strategy for International Fisheries Research study estimates that, worldwide, about 20 percent of all freshwater species are extinct, endangered, or vulnerable.

http://www.environmentservices.com

Quality control laboratories for inspection of fish/ fish products are non-adequate and/or are not well equipped except those established for exports. Much of the fish/ fish products do not meet required international standards of hygiene and quality suitable for exports

The antidumping procedure initiated by the US Government has affected India's shrimp exports to the US

Massive efforts are required to provide financial incentives and credit facilities for establishing fish production and utilization of waste materials Processing to produce by products like processed dried fish meal with value addition which can be used as a protein supplement in poultry feeds. MOFPI can provide capital incentives and have a tie up with banks for providing financial assistance.

Assuring the supply of critical inputs, such as ice and salt for fish preservation

Building sufficient postharvest facilities, such as cold storage and ice plants in strategic locations

Linking remote fishing villages to markets.

http://mofpi.nic.in

The wastes from cutting/ processing fish and trash fish unsuitable for human consumption can be processed to produce dried fish meal which is used as protein supplements in compound poultry feeds as well as a fertilizer. These facilities will have to be created in organized large fish processing plants

http://mofpi.nic.in

In developed countries, new safety standards and codes of practice for fish/ fish products have been introduced and strictly followed.

With the onset of WTO, if India has to compete in the free global economy, similar standards have to be developed and adopted.

India can not afford to lag behind in this development.

http://fsi.gov.in

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Optimization of production and productivity of fish. Increased Landing and berthing facilities for fishing vessels. Development of sustainable technologies for fin and shell fish culture. Adoption of new and innovative production technologies for aquaculture, management and effective use of utilized water resources Development of production from Reservoir In the marine sector, harnessing deep-sea fisheries resources.
http://fsi.gov.in

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Improvement of fishing harbors Greater participation and collaboration between fisher-folk, industry, public and private institutions and other stake holders is required. Schemes to develop rural markets for fish and to remove regional imbalances need to be implemented

http://fsi.gov.in

Core businesses
1.

Distribution

Distributes over 450,000 tons of fish and seafood in various countries across the world. Large cold-store capacities and fleet of refrigerated trucks help in efficiently support the supply chain for such high volumes. One of the first companies to implement SAP in West Africa
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Trade

Excellent long term relationships with suppliers and producers have made them one of the most cost effective distributors of food across the globe.

3. Processing

Indepesca Overseas Pvt. Ltd. is the Indian seafood arm of the Triton Group, specializing in the processing of a wide variety of seafood products both whole round and value added Food processing is done in EU approved factories which exports over 10,000 tons annually to the world. The processing unit is equipped with the latest technology. Own Brand name "Big Sams Seafood. Big Sams Seafood is available under 2 categories
Fresh Frozen Convenience Seafood Ready to Cook Seafood

4. Production

Triton Group has forayed into Aqua scenario in India and Ghana with brackish water shrimp farming of Black Tiger & Fresh water fish culture. Also developing novel technologies in aquaculture. The group has adopted various new methods of aquaculture in India and has acquired various water bodies. The major species cultured in India are IMC, Tilapia, Pangasius, Pacu, Black Tiger and Scampi. Benchmarking the best culture practices the world over, using the latest developments in Science, Diagnostics & Health of Cultivable fish species.

5. Cold chain and logistics

The Cold Chain and Logistics Service SBU of Triton Group have being conceptualized as a professional service provider to provide Seamless, integrated and consistent service with focus on: Temperature consistency. On Time schedules. Hygiene and safety. ( Physio Sanitary Norms & Measures) An end to end single point window to distribution needs. Visibility (Storage, In-Transit Product and Temperature.) Information Technology (Seamless Communication of Data Real-time) Automation ( State of the art fully automated Cold Storages) Skilled Manpower Reach

Role of supply chain actors

Fishermen Input procurement: diesel, ice, food, nets, boat, 6-12 helpers Undertake 4-8 days fishing trip Commission Agent Receive fish from boat Supplier Receive fish from agent Exporter Receive fish as raw material

Weigh fish

Stock fish in crates filled with ice

Wash with potable water

Classify caught fish as per fish category

Grade fish as per defective and non defective Negotiate price with fishermen and supplier

Sort fish in four grades as per quality standards of exporter Transfer fish to preprocessing unit Clean fish

Process using Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)4 procedures Pack processed fish

Store fish in ice

Unload fish on docks after preliminary wash

Perform export procedures and dispatch

Negotiate with agent and receive money

Negotiate price with exporter and agent

Negotiate price with importer and with supplier

India exported 5,12,164 tons of seafood during 2005-06 valued at 7245.3 crore. During 2007-08, the export registered a growth rate of 11% in quantity and 9% in value. With the proposed additional infrastructure provided during XI Plan, an annual growth rate of 12% in export has been visualized.

Processed fish products for export include conventional block frozen products, Individual Quick Frozen products (IQF), minced fish products like fish sausage, cakes, cutlets, pastes, surimi, textured products and dry fish etc. Exports of marine products have been erratic and on a declining trend which could be due to the adverse market conditions prevailing in the EU and US markets.

Facilities for production/ processing of value added products such as ready-to-eat, ready-toserve breaded and battered products, etc. are necessary to realize maximum return.

It is however, necessary to have proper MIS and market data

This will lead to increase in market size and organized sector in the fishery sector

Liberal policy has invited many foreign investments

Foreign equity is permitted in the fish processing sector. The Ministry of Food Processing Industries extends financial assistance for setting up/ technology upgradation/ modernization of fish processing units Fish processing projects with a minimum of 20% value addition can be set up as 100% Export Oriented Units All items can be exported freely except for silver pomfrets of weight less than 300 gms ( FAO) Government policies like fisheries policy ( central govt.), State Reservoir Fishery policy ( Orissa).

http://business.gov.in

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India has vast potential for fishes from both inland and marine resources, due to its long coastline, huge reservoirs Development of brackish water and freshwater aquaculture has tremendous scope in India Only 30% of fresh water area and 10% of brackish water area is utilized Increased popularity of fish as health food Prawns, the valuable foreign exchange earner, mackerels, sardines, etc. are available in plenty in Goa coast
www.fao.org http://business.gov.in

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Environmentally friendly and provides for recycling and utilization of several types of organic wastes Ecosystem and geographical location of places like Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Kerala, Goa, Lakshadweep, Pondicherry. Large expanse of ocean provides opportunity for industrial scale cultivation of sea plants, pearls, oysters, mussels, shrimp culture and crab farming etc. River systems in many states like Assam, Chhattisgarh. Large number of manpower involved in this.

www.fao.org

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Thus, there is greater need to transform the sector by taking into account its achievements and capabilities. The strong and sustaining ecological resource base, rational and pre-emptive policy, public and private investments, good governance, etc holds the key for sustainable growth of the sector. The fuller utilization of its potential can be achieved through infrastructure, investments, technology intensification, diversification and value addition. In a nutshell, various issues related to fishing activities in India need to be addressed in a time bound manner with mutual understanding and cooperation between public and private sectors.

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fsi.gov.in/ http://mofpi.nic.in http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/pdf/fisheries.pdf www.fao.org www.ncap.res.in/upload_files/workshop/wspten.pdf business.gov.in/agriculture/fisheriese.php www.indiawaterportal.org/