Dr. Sasikumar M.D.S.

 6th

week of I.U life- dental lamina Ectoderm of dental lamina forms a knob like structure in mesenchyma Enamel organ forms teeth

 Based

on shape of enamel organ

Bud stage Cap stage Bell stage Root formation

period deciduous dentition period Mixed dentition period Permanent dentition period
Pre-dental

birth till eruption of 1st teeth 0-6 months Gum pads

From

Alveolar process at birth Horse shoe shaped Develop in 2 parts

Labiobuccal lingual

2 parts are separated by dental groove Gum pads are divided into 10 segments by transverse grooves Each segment has a tooth sac Gingival groove

Separates gumpad from palate max From floor of mouth man

groove between canine and deciduous 1st molar lateral sulcus. Lateral sulcii judges interarch relationship
Lateral

Lateral sulcus in mand is more distal to max.

 Max

gumpad is wider and longer than mand Contact appears in molar region infantile open bite

are without teeth for 6 months At birth gums are not wide to accommodate teeth Developing teeth are crowded in crypt Natal teeth- at birth Neonatal teeth- 1st month
Neonates

months to 2.6 yrs of life A B D C E Max 7.6 9 18 14 24 A B C D E MAND - 6 7 16 12 20 3-6yrs dental arch stable.

 Physiological

/developmental spaces Absence of spaces indicates crowding in permanent dentition.

 Primate

spaces

Anthropoid/simian Mesial to max canine Distal to mand canine. Spaces helps in placement of canine cusp

 Mesio

distal relationship between distal surface of deciduous 2nd molars

Flush terminal plane Mesial step Distal step

 Spacing

space Flush terminal plane Vertical inclination of anterior teeth Deep bite-varies
Primate

6 yrs eruption of 1st molar Mixed dentition classified as

From

First transitional period Inter transitional period Second transitional period

 Characterized

by eruption of 1st molar Exchange of deciduous incisors with permanent incisors

 Flush

terminal

plane
Early shift Late shift

Mesial

step terminal plane Distal step terminal plane

Distal step

Mesial step

 Incisor

exchange takes place Permanent incisors are larger than deciduous incisors The difference between amount of space needed and amount of space available Max 7mm Mand 5mm

 Incisor

liability is overcome by

Utilization of interdental spaces

Physiological space Primate space

Increase in intercanine width Change in incisor inclination

 Max

and mand arch consist of deciduous and permanent dentition Between permanent incisors and molars are deciduous canine and molars This phase is stable and no changes occurs

 Replacement

of deciduous molar and canine with permanent premolars and canine. Lee way space of nance 1.8mm (.9mm on each side) in max 3.4mm (1.7mm on each side) in mand Excess space is utilized for mesial drift

 Ugly

duckling stage (Broadbent)

Self correcting occlusion seen in max incisor region between 8-9 yrs during eruption of permanent canines

As canines erupt it displaces roots of laterals mesially Distal divergence of crown of centrals Midline diastema Corrects by itself wit eruption of canines

soon after birth Except 1st molars- which forms before birth Eruption sequence
Forms

6-1-2-4-3-5-7 in max 6-1-2-3-4-5-7 in mand.

 Fictional

period

Kingsley-1880-normal dental arch is a curved line expanding as it approaches the ends all teeth standing on the line

Hypothetical

period

Edward H Angle-key of occlusion

Factual

period

L F Andrews six keys to normal occlusion

Lawrence F Andrews AJO 1972 120 normal study models 1150 orthodontically treated cases

 Molar

relationship Crown inclination/ tip Crown angulation / torque Rotations Spacing Curve of spee

 Distal

surface of distobuccal cusp of upper 1st molar occlude with mesial surface of mesiobucal cusp of lower 2nd molar.

 Mesiobucal

cusp of upper 1st molar occludes with the buccal groove of lower 1st molar

 Canines

and premolars enjoy a cusp embrasure relationship buccally and cuspfossa relationship lingually

 Crown

angulation angulation of long axis of crown not angulation of long axis of tooth Gingival portion of long axis of each crown is distal to incisal portion

axis of all teeth except molars is mid developmental ridge which is most prominent on labial or buccal surface Dominent vertical groove on buccal surface for molars
Long

 Crown

tip is expressed in degrees plus or minus It is the angle between long axis of crown and a line bearing 90 degrees from occlusal plane

when gingival portion is distal to incisal _ when gingival portion is mesial to incisal
+

 Refers

to labiolingual or buccolingual inclination of long axis of crown not the long axis of tooth.

anterior teeth(incisors) upper and lower crown inclination is sufficient to

resist overeruption of anteriors Allow proper distal positioning of contact points of upper teeth in their relationship to the lower teeth permitting proper occlusion of posteriors

 B-upper

posterior teeth ( canine to molars)

Lingual crown inclination existed in upper posterior crowns Constant/ similar in canine and premolar More pronounced in molars

 C-lower

posteriors( canines to molars)

Lingual crown inclination in lower posterior teeth progressively increased from canine through second molars

every 4 degree increase in lingual crown torque there is 1 degree of mesial convergence of gingival portion of anterior crowns Ratio 4:1 Wagon wheel concept
For

 Teeth

should be free from rotations Rotated molars need more space

 Occlusal

plane ranged from flat to slight curve of spee Natural tendency for curve of spee to deepen with time Intercuspaton of teeth is best when the occlusal plane is flat

 A-deep

curve of

spee B-flat occlusal plane C- reverse curve of spee

 Curve

of see Curve of wilson Monson curve

 REFERENCE

GRABERS TEXTBOOK OF ORTODONTICS SIX KEYS TO NORMAL OCCLUSION AJO vol 62 1972 L F Andrews