Week 2: What Is Design?: Is A Set of Structured Activities

EN2703 Strategy of Design & Manufacture
Week 2: What is design?
Design is the process whereby structured activities change

and record the state of information that exists about a designed object.
A methodology is a set of structured activities Total Design Concept Pugh suggests that Total Design
incorporates all possibilities that the artefact (or its design process) may come into contact with. e.g. social, environmental, economic, political
Dr Alan Owen C512 a.owen@rgu.ac.uk

How is the design process structured? What does the process need?
People, Innovation
Where does the process start? Conceptual design gives the basic shape and functions, the way
something just has to be to perform its function. Practical design gives the means by which something can be made on time and on budget Management of the constraints and conflicts that lie between conceptual and practical design Design Methodology is a cyclic and iterative process. A structure within which complexity, constraints and conflicts are managed
Design Problem
a need or desire for change in the existing state of information about a designed object
Problem definition
who defines the problem? Client? Inventor? Product development team?

Design Methodology
Conflicts
Solution!
Conceptual design
Design Problem
Practical design
Constraints

Design Methodology Design Problem Conflicts Conceptual design
Solution!
Practical design
Constraints Until the best possible result is achieved, within the constraints.
How is a solution developed? Depends on - the nature of the problem Depends on - the resources available
Depends on - the client Depends on Is it just an engineering solution?
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Who carries out the engineering design work? What are the needs of the design?
Individual engineer, consultant Small team or group Large team as part of an organisation An organisation

The individual engineer/consultant Tends to operate in a very specific field of capability, can also be found in SME that have a particular engineering/design requirement as part of their main function. For: Responsive, Good communication between designer and client, imaginative and creative. Freedom to choose work, Reward, Breadth of work, Direction, Job satisfaction Against: Narrow capabilities, Work flow, Office management, Legal responsibility, Client restrictions, Long hours, Stressful work, Restricted capability, Market forces, Isolation

Small teams Small teams may be small companies who specialise in certain design problems or who possess sufficient breadth of capability to tackle a variety of problems. Small teams may also grow from a specific design remit within a large company or organisation For: Multi-disciplinary capability, cross-fertilisation, workflow and office management becomes an SEP, Collective decision making, Work on bigger projects, Creative diversity of team members Against: Some loss of freedom, Still long hours

Large teams in organisations Large teams tend to comprise small teams for larger and more ambitious projects For: Usually well resourced and more ambitious Against: Limited freedom, some inertia, Whole company may be dependent on design team success, Design becoming distant from product/client

Large Organisations Typically government/military funded For: Well resourced and very ambitious Against: Reluctant to change, Significant inertia, Creative diversity may be viewed negatively, design can be too distant from product/client (project overrun)

Describe the design process for a 2MW wind turbine including installation.
Key Words Design process, conceptual, practical, constraints, conflicts, methodology, management, complexity, client, problem, definition, development, resources, desire, disciplines, response, communication, workflow, market forces, creativity, diversity, team, inertia, ambition, total design..
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Coursework Describe a complete strategy for the design and installation of a 2MW wind turbine.
Design process
http://www.rgu.ac.uk/files/Guide%20to%20using%20the%20Vancouver%20style.pdf
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EN2703 Strategy of Design & Manufacture