ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMACT ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL ZONE

By-: Abhishek Jha 02 Ahir Ritesh 04 Amal Jose 06 Anant Prakash 08 Anish Wadhwa 10 Ankit Jaiswal 12

ENVIRONMANTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT

An EIA is a formal study process used to predict the environmental consequences of a proposed major development project. An EIA is an important activity that is devoted to achieving the objectives of sustainable development. The need for EIAs has been well established as a good tool to be employed in order to protect and conserve natural resources from the various aspects of degradation

THE EIA PROCESS

Following are the steps involved in the EIA process: Screening and preliminary assessment Scoping and screening Reviewing

Screening and preliminary assessment

This step includes separating types of projects that need further clearance, from those which are not likely to cause serious environmental problems. If the project is not automatically cleared, the developer may be asked to undertake a preliminary assessment. Preliminary Assessment includes:Identify key impacts. Predict and describe extent of impacts. Evaluate their importance to decision-makers.

If a full EIA is required by the competent Authority in the country, then the technical guidelines or Terms of Reference (TORs) are formulated.

Scoping and screening

This scoping exercise is to ensure that all important issues are considered. The EIA team will select the main impacts for the focus of the EIA. This process assigns the project to three different categories based on nature, magnitude and sensitivity of the environmental issues, as follows: High Impact- A full environmental review is required Moderate Impact- Some or partial environmental review required Low Impact no environmental review required

REVIEW OF EIA STUDY

What will happen as a result of the project? (Identification of impacts) What will be the extent of the changes? (Predictions) Do the changes matter? (Evaluation) What can be done about them? (Mitigation) How can decision-makers be informed of what needs to be done? (Documentation/Communication)

TYPES OF EIA
Desktop EIA Attempts to organise and simplify available information on potential effects of a project. Tend to focus on direct environmental effects and ignore others

BASELINE EIA
characterises the pre-impacted environment- based on a series of measurements pre-project changes as a result of the project are established under the following changes which will affect the health and safety of humans, measurement of potential changes which may directly affect important commercial species or indirectly affect their habitats rare or endangered species potential effects on them must be examined

THE NEED FOR PROTECTION OF COASTAL WATERS AND MARINE RESOURCES The marine coastal areas of islands are important because they support ecosystems. The maintenance of such resources is essential to the tourist industry.  Lively hood of many people dependent on marine resources

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the Coastal Community Development and Fisheries Resources Management Project in Indonesia.

CASE OUTLINE
It indicates the potential for major significant environmental impacts associated with construction of two breakwaters and .dredging at two harbours. The two most critical issues are depletion of coastal resources and the pervasive poverty and social disadvantages of coastal communities. Continuous deterioration of coastal resources results in reduced fish catch and income of fishers, thus contributing to increased poverty in the coastal communities and perpetuation of the cycle. To break the cycle requires introducing and institutionalizing coastal resource conservation and management measures to ensure resource sustainability over the long term, and the introduction of supplementary and alternative livelihood initiatives to raise income levels and improve the living conditions of coastal dwellers.

THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

Promoting conservation and sustainable management of coastal fisheries resources. Reducing poverty in coastal areas by providing opportunities for increasing incomes and living standards of coastal communities. Control fishing efforts within environmental limits through the establishment of a coastal fisheries licensing system and the adoption of community-based coastal resources management measures. Increase incomes of coastal fishers and facilitate their access to alternative livelihood or income-augmenting opportunities. Improve the living conditions of selected coastal communities through the provision of necessary social infrastructure and rehabilitate facilities at selected fish landing centres to improve environmental and sanitary conditions as well as product quality strengthen the capabilities of coastal communities and National Government agencies and local government agencies concerned with fisheries resource management and conservation

 The Project will also provide selected fishing villages with better access to social facilities and services through. A two-arm breakwater is to be constructed, and a short wharf and auction hall access will be built. About 120,000 cubic meters of soil will be dredged to attain sufficient water depth at the harbour basin and access channel the existing jetty will be fully renovated. Installation of clean water supply facilities. Construction of drainage systems, public toilets, waste disposal systems, and meeting halls. Preparation and linkage of communities for effective participation in existing housing credit schemes. Provision of mobile health units and a small-scale ice plant and cold storage, and a clean processing area will be provided.

BENEFICIAL IMPACTS
Impact of CRM activities. Impact of livelihood enterprise development. Impact of institutional strengthening activities. Impact of physical infrastructure improvement.

POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Impacts of Breakwater Construction on Sediment Transport and Beaches Impacts of Dredging on Water Quality and Beneficial Uses Freshwater Supply Impacts on Biological Resources Potential Impacts from Microenterprises