Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Baseband Pulse and Digital Signaling
Baseband Pulse and Digital Signaling
Chapter 3:
BASEBAND PULSE AND DIGITAL SIGNALING
Chapter Objectives:
Packet transmission
Huseyin Bilgekul
Eeng360 Communication Systems I
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Eastern Mediterranean University
Eeng 360 2
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Main goals:
s
= 2 f
s
,
the Duty Cycle of s(t) is d = /T
s
,
Eeng 360 5
Natural Sampling (Gating)
Natural Sampling (Gating)
w(t)
w
s
(t) =w(t)s(t)
s(t)
Eeng 360 6
Generating Natural Sampling
Generating Natural Sampling
The PAM wave form with natural sampling can be generated using a
CMOS circuit consisting of a clock and analog switch as shown.
Eeng 360 7
Spectrum of Natural Sampling
Spectrum of Natural Sampling
sin( )
( ) ( )
sin( )
s s
n
nd
W f d W f nf
nd
nd
d
nd
Eeng 360 8
Recovering Naturally Sampled PAM
Recovering Naturally Sampled PAM
Where h(t) denotes the sampling-pulse shape and, for flat-top sampling,
the pulse shape is,
THEOREM: The spectrum for a flat-top PAM signal is:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
s s s s s s
k k k
w t w kT h t kT h t w kT t kT h t w t t kT
1
1
]
[ ]
1
( ) ( ) ( )
sin
( ) ( )
s s
k
s
W f H f W f nf
T
f
H f h t
f
_
,
Eeng 360 12
The spectrum of the flat-top PAM
The spectrum of the flat-top PAM
Analog signal maybe recovered from the flat-top PAM signal by the use of a LPF.
LPF Response
Note that the recovered signal
has some distortions due to the
curvature of the H(f).
Distortions can be removed by
using a LPF having a response
1/H(f).
Eeng 360 13
Some notes on PAM
Some notes on PAM
Disadvantages of PAM
PAM requires a very larger bandwidth than that of the original signal;