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Wavelet Transforms
Wavelet Transforms
By B.V.Divya
FOURIER TRANSFORM
A periodic function is expressed as an infinite sum of periodic complex exponential functions. X(f)= x(t).e^-2 ft dt It is widely used frequency transformation technique. FT cannot distinguish between stationary and nonstationary signals which creates problem during reconstruction of signal.
Stationary signal
Non-Stationary signal
It uses a window function of a predefined width and moves it along the entire signal. The transform is a function of time and frequency (unlike, FT which is a function of frequency only), the transform would be two dimensional. The STFT is almost similar to FT, it considers a part of the non-stationary signal where the frequency is same as stationary and applies FT to it.
The equation of STFT is given as -j2Tft STFT (td, f) = [ x(t) y w( t- td )]y e dt
DISADVANTAGE OF STFT
Unchanged window size. Narrow windows give good time resolution but poor frequency resolution. Wide windows give good frequency resolution but poor time resolution. It only gives the information about what spectral band exist in a time interval but does not give information about the individual frequencies.
WAVELET TRANSFORM
Wavelet transform is capable of providing the time and frequency information simultaneously, hence giving a time-frequency representation of the signal. Higher frequencies are better resolved in time, and lower frequencies are better resolved in frequency. So wavelet transforms gives a variable resolution
The Fourier transforms of the windowed signals are not taken, and therefore single peak will be seen corresponding to a sinusoid, i.e., negative frequencies are not computed. The width of the window is changed as the transform is computed for every single spectral component, which is probably the most significant characteristic of the wavelet transform.
WAVELETS-THEORY
The term wavelet means a small wave. Wavelets are functions defined over a finite interval and having an average value of zero. The basic idea of the wavelet transform is to represent any arbitrary function f(t) as a superposition of a set of such wavelets or basis function. These basis functions are derived from a single prototype called mother wavelet.
The transformed signal is a function of two variables, tau and s, the translation and scale parameter respectively. Psi(t) is the transforming function, and it is called the mother wavelet.
Cont..
The wavelet at scale s =1 is then shifted to the right by and the above steps are repeated until the wavelet reaches the end of the signal.
APPLICATIONS
Digital Image processing
Medical Imaging
Image Coding Multi resolution image display Geo-information exchange Invisible water marking schemes
CONCLUSION
Since the time and frequency resolutions can be achieved together,it has wide applications in image compression research. Computational complexity is also less compared to other transformation techniques.