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Accelerometer Sensitivity: Click To Edit Master Subtitle Style
Accelerometer Sensitivity: Click To Edit Master Subtitle Style
ACCELEROMETER SENSITIVITY SAAD , ME-002 3/4/12 Click to edit Master subtitle style
MECHANICAL VIBRATION
Measuring Vibration
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Accelerometer
A device that measures acceleration. Standard International unit = m/sec2 Non-SI unit gravitational acceleration g (1g is about 9.81 m/s) Accelerations below 0.001 m/s are measured in seismic surveys. Most humans lose consciousness at around 60 m/s (6.1g). A car accident of 100 m/s (10.2g) will PM 3/4/12 12:10:19 break human bones
Accelerometer Types
Resistive
Strain
Gauge
Accelerometer Types
Resistive / Capacitive
Ride quality
Automobile road response Amusement park rides Elevator movement Motion simulators
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Accelerometer Types
Fiber Optic
Similar characteristics and applications as resistive and capacitive sensors in addition to following:
High
Cabling
is transmitting only light, which consequently eliminates the possibility of RF and EM interference in noisy environments.
Accelerometer Types
Piezoelectric Sensors
"Piezo" is from the Greek word meaning to squeeze. When a piezoelectric material is stressed it produces electrical charge. Combined with a mass it can generate an electric charge signal proportional to mechanical stress i.e. vibration acceleration.
Signal/Powe r
Ground
Base Preload Ring Mass Piezoelectric Crystal Voltage or Charge Amplifier 3/4/12 12:10:19 PM
Piezoelectric Sensors
Piezoelectric Materials
Naturally Piezoelectric
Rochelle Salt
Tourmaline
Artificially Polarized
Piezofilm
Piezoceramics
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F piezo disk F
q = d.F
F q d force charge piezo constant
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Piezoceramics Acceleration a
Piezoelectric Sensors
Extremely wide dynamic range, almost free of noise - suitable for shock measurement as well as for almost imperceptible vibration Excellent linearity over their dynamic range Wide frequency range, high frequencies can be measured Compact yet highly sensitive No moving parts - no wear
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ratio of the sensors electrical output to mechanical input. Typically rated in terms of mV/g or pC/g Valid only at one frequency, (conventionally at 80- 100 Hz,) narrow temperature band (typically 25 5C) and at a certain acceleration amplitude (usually 5 g or 10 g). Supplied with calibration certificates with exact sensitivity limits. 3/4/12 12:10:19 PM
Frequency Response: Sensitivity specified over the whole range of Accelerometer. Transverse Sensitivity: Transverse sensitivity is the sensitivity of the accelerometer at 90 degrees to the sensitive axis of the sensor.
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F = ma k = m
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Charge mode accelerometers provide the direct charge output of the piezo material. charge sensitivity
is expressed in picocoulombs per g or pC/g Disadvantage of charge output: Maximum cable length 10 m, special low-noise cables required. 3/4/12 12:10:19 PM
Dynamic Rangeis the +/- maximum amplitude that the accelerometer can measure before distorting or clipping the output signal. Typically specified in g's. The maximum output for an IEPE accelerometer is typically 4-8 volts. An accelerometer with a sensitivity of 100mV/g with electronics that has a maximum output of 5V will obviously have a dynamic range of +/- 50g while an accelerometer of sensitivity of 3/4/12 12:10:19 PM
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References
http://www.omega.com/prodinfo/accelerome http://www.mmf.de http://www.new.mmf.de/introduction.htm Measuring Vibration, Brel & Kjr 2850 Nrum Denmark
http://www.endevco.com/resources/tp_pdf/T
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Accelerometer Types
19 19
Voltage output of resistor bridge changes proportionally with applied acceleration + Signal + Power - Power - Signal
Fixed Resistors
Mass
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Accelerometer Types
20 20
Built-In Electronics
Flexure
Insulator
Sensing Capacitor #2
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Accelerometer Types
21 21
Amount of light gathered by receivers is proportional to applied acceleration Power Ground Signal
Receiver
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Accelerometer Types
22 22
Flexure
Coil
Insulator
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Accelerometer Types
23 23
Vibrating Quartz
Resonant frequency difference between elements is proportional to applied acceleration Power Ground Signal
Mass Mass
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Accelerometer Types
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Piezoelectric
Signal/Powe Ground Force on self-generating crystal r provides charge output proportional to acceleration
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