ED1410 Mathematics For Enrichment

Tessellations

Name:Dk Hjh Fatin Farhana Pg Hj Metassan Reg No: 09B4065 Faculty Of Business , Economics & Policy Studies

What is Tessellation?
Tessellation is created when a shape is repeated over and over again covering a plane without any gaps or overlaps. word "tessellation" comes from the Latin word tessella the tessera, or small square tile used in producing mosaics. word "tessellate" is derived from the Ionic version of the Greek word "tesseres," which in English means "four."

History Of Tessellations

Maurits Cornelius Escher - In 1936, Escher embarked on an important journey to the Alhambra in Granada, Spain. The Moorish tilings he saw there fascinated him - he created a number of fascinating landscapes, portraits, and geometric designs, but the work for which he is most famous, his tessellations - animated his own versions of the abstract geometrical designs

Rule Of Tessellation
- Rule #1: the tessellation must tile a floor with no overlapping or gaps. - Rule #2: The tiles must be regular and all the same - Rule #3: Each vertex must look the same

Types Of Tessellations
Regular Tessellations - a tessellation or tiling using only one type of regular polygon
Interior angle of each square: 90 degrees 90 + 90 + 90 +90 = 360 degrees

Interior of each equilateral triangle: 60 degrees 60 + 60 + 60 + 60 + 60 + 60 = 360 degrees

Regular Tessellations
Interior angle of each pentagon : 108 degrees 108 + 108 + 108 =324 degrees

Cant tessellate! WHY? It overlaps!

all polygons with more than six sides will overlap! So, the only regular polygons that tessellate are triangles, squares and hexagons!

Vertex
Is just a corner point 3 hexagons meet at the vertex and a hexagon has 6 sides So, it is known as 6.6.6 tessellation For a regular tessellation,the pattern is identical at each vertex.

Types Of Tessellations
Semi-regular Tessellations - tessellation or tiling using two or more types of regular polygons

3.3.3.3.6 60+60+60+60+120 = 360 degrees

3.6.3.6 60+120+60+120= 360 degrees

Semi-regular Tessellations
To name a tessellation, simply work your way around one vertex counting the number of sides of the polygons that form that vertex Always start at the polygon with the least number of sides, so 3.12.12 NOT 12.3.12

Vertex Configuration
a series of numbers which represent the arrangement of polygons surrounding any random vertex of a regular or semiregular tessellation What does 3.4.6? It refers to an equilateral triangle, square and regular hexagon surrounding any random vertex point in the tessellation A {3, 4, 6} vertex configuration will not work because the sum of the interior angle measures of an equilateral triangle, square, and hexagon will sum to 60 + 90 + 120 = 270, but for a configuration to tessellate, the sum must be 360.

Types Of Tessellations
Demi-regular Tessellation - curved shapes (not just polygons)

Eagles

Curvy shapes

Symmetry In Tessellations
Translational Symmetry - every point of the preimage is moved the same distance in the same direction to form the image - without rotation or change in size.

Symmetry In Tessellations
Rotational Symmetry - performed by "spinning" the object around a fixed point known as the center of rotation. - can rotate your object at any degree measure, but 90 and 180 are two of the most common. Also, rotations are done counterclockwise!

Symmetry In Tessellations
Glide Reflectional Symmetry - a "flip" of an object over a line a combination of a reflection and a translation. Whether the reflection happens first or second does not matter

Tessellations in Everyday Life

Scale of a fish Bricks pavement

Scale of a snake

Tiles
Beehive

References http://mathforum.org/sum95/suzanne/historytess.html http://www.coolmath.com/lesson-tessellations-1.htm http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Tessellation.html http://www.sdmf.k12.wi.us/mfhs/tessellation/index.htm http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SemiregularTessellation.html http://nrich.maths.org/4832 http://library.thinkquest.org/16661/simple.of.regular.polygons/semiregular.2.html http://library.thinkquest.org/16661/simple.of.regular.polygons/semiregular.1.html #Anchor-Introduction-65209 http://members.cox.net/tessellations/Symmetry.html http://www.beva.org/math323/asgn5/tess/regpoly.htm http://www.coolmath4kids.com/tesspag1.html http://www.ehow.com/about_5078949_definitions-translation-tessellation.html http://illuminations.nctm.org/Lessons/Tessellations/Tessellations-AK.pdf http://library.thinkquest.org/16661/escher.html http://www.gradeamathhelp.com/transformation-geometry.html http://library.thinkquest.org/16661/background/symmetry.4.html