Lesson 4

The IPV4 AND IPv6 Header

Understanding IPv6

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Internet layer

Internet layer is responsible for source to destination delivery of a packet across different networks. Internet layer is not reliable transmission Examples of Network layer Routed protocols are: IP IPX (internetwork packet exchange) AppleTalk
Understanding IPv6
Slide: 2

Internet layer

Understanding IPv6

Slide: 3

IPv4 Header
Octet +0 Octet +1 Octet +2 Octet +3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

VER(4)

HLEN

TOS(QOS) DM FF

TOTAL LENGTH(16) FRAGMENT OFFSET HEADER CHECKSUM

IDENTIFICATION(Sequential no.) TIME TO LIVE(8) PROTOCOL

SOURCE ADDRESS OF HOST (32)

DESTINATION ADDRESS OF HOST (32)

OPTIONS and PADDING
Understanding IPv6
Slide: 4 4

DSCP (Differentiated service code point)

Total 8 bits are available First 6 bits are used for DSCP ds5,ds4,ds3,ds2,ds1,ds0 ds5,ds4,ds3 are used for classes, Total four classes are available In each class there are 3 drop levels Low ,medium, high

Understanding IPv6

Slide: 5

1. 2.

3.
4.

5.
6.

7.

IPv4 packet processing Verify the header checksum Verify the version field Decrement the TTL value by 1 Check the DA and check the local routing table If no entry in the routing table send ICMP message Recalculate the header checksum and place its new value in the header checksum Forward the packet on interface
Understanding IPv6

Slide: 6

IPV6 Header
Version(4) Traffic Class(8) Flow Label(20)

Payload Length(16)

Next Header(8)

Hop Limit(8)

Source Address(128)

Destination Address(128)

Understanding IPv6

Slide: 7

IPv6

IPv6 Header Format

20 Bytes + Options
IPv4 Header
Version IHL Type of Service Total Length Version Flags Identification Time to Live Protocol

IPv6 Header
Fragment Offset
Traffic Class Flow Label

Header Checksum

Payload Length

Next Header

Hop Limit

Source Address Destination Address Options Padding

Source Address

Destination Address
Understanding IPv6
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Flow Label

This field indicates this packet belongs to a specific sequence of packets between source to destination , which requires special handling by intermediate routers. Ex: voice and video Note; flow label 0 means no flow label.

Understanding IPv6

Slide: 9

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

IPv6 packet processing Verify the version field Decrement the hop limit value by 1 Check the DA and check the local routing table If no entry in the routing table send ICMP message Forward the packet on interface.

Understanding IPv6

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Comparing the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers

IPv4 Header Field
Version Internet Header Length Type of Service Total Length Identification Fragmentation Flags Fragment Offset Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum Source Address Destination Address Options

Change in IPv6
New value of 6 Removed (Header length is fixed) Traffic Class field Payload Length field Removed to Fragment header Removed to Fragment header Removed to Fragment header Hop Limit field Next Header field Removed Same, new 128-bit length Same, new 128-bit length Removed (extension headers)
Understanding IPv6
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The Chain of Pointers Formed by the Next Header field

IPv6 Header Next Header = 6 (TCP) TCP Segment

IPv6 Header Next Header = 43 (Routing)

Routing Header Next Header = 6 (TCP)

TCP Segment

IPv6 Header Next Header = 43 (Routing)

Routing Header Next Header = 51 (AH)

Authentication Header

TCP Segment

Next Header = 6 (TCP)

Understanding IPv6

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Extension Headers Order

1. Hop-by-Hop Options header 2. Destination Options header (for intermediate destinations when the Routing header is present) 3. Routing header 4. Fragment header 5. Authentication header 6. Encapsulating Security Payload header 7. Destination Options header (for the final destination)
Understanding IPv6
Slide: 13

Values of the Next Header Field

Value
0 6 17 41 43 44 50 51 58 59 60

Header
Hop-by-Hop Options Header TCP UDP Encapsulated IPv6 Header Routing Header Fragment Header Encapsulating Security Payload Authentication Header ICMPv6 No next header Destination Options Header
Understanding IPv6
Slide: 14

Thank you

Understanding IPv6

Slide: 15