Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lesson
Lesson
Topic 4
Part 1: Introduction
What is a Hardware?
Hardware is the general term that is used to describe physical artifacts of a technology.
Classification of Hardware
1 2 4
Input Devices
Processing Unit
Output Devices
Storage Devices
Key:
Data flow
Input Devices
Keyboard
for the input of text and characters and also to control the operation of a computer (Wikipedia 2007c)
Mouse
a pointing device by detecting twodimensional motion relative to its supporting surface. (Wikipedia 2007d)
Scanner
a device that analyzes images, printed text, or handwriting, or an object and converts it to a digital image (Wikipedia 2007e)
8
Input Devices
Microphone
an acoustic to electric transducer or sensor that converts sound into an electrical signal. (Wikipedia, 2007f)
WebCam
a real-time camera (usually, though not always, a video camera) whose images can be accessed using the World Wide Web (Wikipedia, 2007g)
Digital Camera
Hardwares of Personal Computers
an electronic device used to capture and store photographs electronically in a digital format (Wikipedia, 2007h)
10
2. Pentium Processor
http://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/pentium.htm
3. Celeron
http://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/celeron.htm
13
3. Athlon 64
http://www.amd.com/usen/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9487,00.html
Hardwares of Personal Computers 14
15
TASK 1 (TABLE 1)
Intel CPU AMD CPU
CPU Model
Celeron D356
Athlon 64 FX 51/940
What is a motherboard?
A motherboard is the central circuit board making up a personal computer. (Wikipedia, 2007j)
RAM slot
Figure 6. A motherboard.
Hardwares of Personal Computers
CPU
18
Motherboard
A personal computer is built with the CPU, main memory, and other essential components on the motherboard. Other components such as external storage, controllers for video display and sound, and peripheral devices are typically attached to the motherboard via edge connectors and cables. In modern computers it is increasingly common to integrate these "peripherals" into the motherboard.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 19
20
A Video Card
If the video card is integrated in the motherboard, it will use the computer RAM memory (lower throughput). If it is not integrated, the video card will have its own video memory which is called Video RAM or VRAM. The VRAM capacity of most modern video cards range from 128 to 2048 MB (workstation graphics cards). In 2006, the VRAM was based on DDR technology, standing out DDR2, GDDR3 and GDDR4. The memory clock rate is between 400 MHz and 1.6 GHz. A very important element of the video memory is the Zbuffer, which manages the depth coordinates in 3D graphics. (Wikipedia, 2007k)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 21
22
23
Storage Devices
Primary Storage
ReadRead-Only Memory (ROM) RandomRandom-Access Memory (RAM)
Secondary Storage
25
What is ROM?
Read-only memory (ROM) is a class of storage media used in computers. Data stored in ROM cannot be modified. ROM is a non-volatile storage. Data remains unchanged even after switching off the computer. (Wikipedia, 2007n) E.g. EPROM, EEPROM
Hardwares of Personal Computers
26
What is RAM?
Random access memory (RAM) is a type of data storage used in computers. It takes the form of integrated circuits that allow the stored data to be accessed in any order (random). Data stored in RAM can be modified. RAM is a volatile storage. Data will lose after switching off the computer. (Wikipedia, 2007o) E.g. DDRam, DDR-2 Ram
27
Secondary Storage
3.5 Floppy Disk Data can be read or write Data capacity: 1.44 MB (Wikipedia, 2007q)
Secondary Storage
Hard Disk Data can be read or write Speed of disk rotation usually 7200 rpm Data capacity : 80GB, 160GB, 250GB, 300GB etc (Wikipedia, 2007r)
Hardwares of Personal Computers
30
Secondary Storage
CD-Rom Data can be Data capacity (MB) Read only 650 CD-R Read but write once 650 CD-RW Read & write 650
31
Secondary Storage
DVD Data can be Data capacity (GB) Read only DVD-R /DVD+R Read but write once DVD-RW /DVD+RW Read & write
Single layer: Single layer: Single layer: 4.7 4.7 4.7 Double layer: Double layer: Double layer: 8.5 8.5 8.5
32
Secondary Storage
34
Secondary Storage
Secondary Storage
USB flash drives They are flash memory data storage devices integrated with a USB interface. They are typically small, lightweight, removable and rewritable. (Wikipedia, 2007u) Data capacity: 512MB, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB, etc
Figure 18. An USB flash drive.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 36
Secondary Storage
Memory Cards e.g. SD card, CF card, xD card, Microdrive, Memory Stick Data can be read or write Data capacity: 512 MB, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB etc
Figure 19. A SD card.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 37
SM Card
SD Card
CF Card
xD card
Memory Stick
Microdrive
38