ORGANIC - coenzymes looselybounded with protein - prosthetic group tightbound

NON-ORGANIC -Mg(hexokinase,DNApolymerase,glc-6-phosph) -Cu (cytochrome oxidase) -Mn (arginase) -Co (coenzyme B12) -Zn (ADH) -Se (glutathion-peroxidase) -Fe (catalase, hydroxilase) +iron-sulfur complex

APOENZYME protein part of enzyme without cofactor. Inactive

HOLOENZYME Protein part with cofactor. Active

1.

Transfer CO-S-CoA from C2 to C3 position

2.

Transfer H+ from C3 to C2

1.

2.

3.

4.
5. 6.

Break of Co-C band with 5deoxyadenosyl Free radical of 5deoxyadenosyl takes H+ from C2 position of substrate Substrate becames free radical CO-S- CoA change position from C3 to C2 H+ returns to the C3 position of substrate Bound between 5deoxyadenosyl and Co is created again

1.Accepts electron ->semiquinone radical 2. Accepts 2 electrons -> ubiqunol Easy deffusible within the lipid bilayer of inner mitochondrial membrane carrier of electrons in glycolisis

1.

2.
3.

Synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids Oxidation of piruvate All sequensed genome encode ensymes that use CoA as a substrate.

4% of all enzymes in cell use this coenzyme

Coenzyme that used for synthesis aminoacids and nucleic acids. Donor of group with C Methotrexate is tetrahydrofolic acid reductase

a coenzyme in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and it plays a role in gluconeogenesis. -deficiency can be caused by the consumption of raw egg whites (eating two or more uncooked egg whites daily for several months has caused biotin deficiency that is serious enough to produce symptoms [1]), which contain high levels of the protein avidin, which binds biotin strongly.

can be caused by the consumption of raw egg whites (eating two or more uncooked egg whites daily for several months has caused biotin deficiency that is serious enough to produce symptoms), which contain high levels of the protein avidin, which binds biotin strongly. Symptoms of biotin deficiency include: -Hair loss (alopecia) -Conjunctivitis -Dermatitis in the form of a scaly red rash around the eyes, nose, mouth, and genital area. Neurological symptoms in adults such as depression, lethargy, hallucination, and numbness and tingling of the extremities. The characteristic facial rash, together with an unusual facial fat distribution, has been termed the "biotin-deficient face" by some experts. Individuals with hereditary disorders of biotin deficiency have evidence of impaired immune system function, including increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections