Training seminar

Northern Railway Carriage and Wagon Workshop

Presented by: Vineet yadav Rollno: 11081602 Mechatronics 3rd year

under taken at

Terms related to railways

LOCOMOTIVE: the vehicle containing the source of power to pull the train is called locomotive. COACHES: vehicles designed for carrying the passengers are called coaches. WAGONS: vehicles designed for carrying various commodities are called wagons. TRAIN: train is the group of vehicles and one or more locomotives moving on rail track.

Topic of seminar
Air brake system. Ultrasonic test for wheel axle. Wheel and axle fitting.

Braking system
What is braking system? Two types of braking system used by the indian railways. Vacuum brake system. Air brake system.

Vacuum brake system

Brake application takes place when vacuum is destroyed by allowing air to enter to the system. During brake application piston is pushed inward.

Limitation of vacuum brake

Brake cylinder piston takes longer time to release after each application of brakes because of single train pipe. Vacuum brakes are not suitable for high speed trains as the maximum pressure available for brake application is only atmospheric. The brake power is inadequate for higher loads and speed.

Air brake system

Air brake system used in indian railways are of two types: SINGLE PIPE AIR BRAKE SYSTEM:
(USED PREVIOUSLY FOR THE B.C.N COACHES)

TWIN PIPE AIR BRAKE SYSTEM:

(USED FOR OTHERS i.e. I.R.Y, L.H.B & other passenger coaches)

SINGLE PIPE AIR BRAKE SYSTEM:

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION:
Brake application takes place when pressure is dropped in brake pipe. During brake application the piston is pushed outward & a special arrangement is operated which helps in the brake application.

TWIN PIPE AIR BRAKE SYSTEM:

1. Distributor valve 2. Common pipe bracket with control reservoir 3. Auxiliary reservoir(200lts) 4. Three way centrifugal dirt collector 5.Isolating cock 6. Check valve with choke 7.Brake cylinder (355 mm diameter) 8. Cut of angle cock(25 mm size on either ends of brake pipe as well as feed pipe) 9. Air brake hose coupling (32 mm for brake pipe ) 10. Air brake hose coupling (32 mm for feed pipe) 11.Passenger emergency valve 12.Brake pipe and feed pipe (25mm dia.) 14.Branch pipes from BP and FP to brake equipment (20 mm bore) 16.Guard emergency brake valve 17.Pressure gauges for BP and FP

TWIN PIPE AIR BRAKE SYSTEM:

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION:
Charging the brake system:
Brake pipe throughout the length of the train is charged with compressed air at 5kg/sq.cm. Feed pipe throughout the length of the train is charged with compressed air at 6 kg/sq.cm. Control reservoir is charged to 5kg/sq.cm. Auxiliary reservoir is charged to 6kg/sq.cm.

Principle of operation:
2).Brake applicant stage: For brake applicant

the brake pipe pressure is dropped by venting air from the drivers brake value subsequently the following a chain takes place. The control reservoir is disconnected from the brake pipe. The distributes value connects the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinders and the brake cylinders piston is pushed outwards for applicant of brakes. The auxiliary reservoir is however continuously charged from feed pipe at 6Kg/cm2

Principle of operation:
3). Brake release Stage:

Brake are released by recharging pipe 5Kg/cm2 pressure through the drivers brake value . The distributor value isolated the brake cylinders from the auxiliary reservoir. The brake cylinder through pressure is vented to atmosphere through DV and the brake cylinders piston moves in words.

Strength of air brake system

Less release time is required after brake application. Successive brake application at gradients is effective as break pipe and feed pipes are separate. Air brake system is compact and easy to maintain. Air brakes are suitable for high speed trains.

Ultrasonic test for wheel axle

Basic principle. Normal scanning test. Low angle testing. High angle testing.

Normal scanning test

Low angle testing

High angle testing

Wheel and axle fitting

Surface finishing of axle takes place on CNC axle turning lathe. This smooth axle is sent to CNC axle grinding lathe. Then it sent to hydraulic press machine. There are different pressure for different axle and wheels. For ICF coaches it is of 73to79 tones.