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第7章 磁路与铁心线圈电路
第7章 磁路与铁心线圈电路
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.1
7.1.1
B :
B:
B:
F
B
lI
B: (T)1T = 1Wb/m2
:
7.1.2
BS
= B S
B= /S
: B
B
,
:[](Wb)
1Wb =1Vs
7.1.3
H B
B
H /A/m)
I1
H dl I
H
d
l
I2
()
I
IN
Hl = IN H
l
:
:
H dl I
H dl H l
x x
N
x
Hx 2 x
I NI
Hx 2 x NI
Hx
S
I
NI
NI
Hx
2 x
lx
N
lx=2xx
Hx x
NI
x
Hx
S
I
NI
F
F = NI
[]
7.1.4
/H/m
0
0 4 10 H/m
7
r
0
H
B
r
0 0 H B0
N
x
x
NI
Hx
lx
NI I
Bx Hx
Hx
S
lx
, H
() B
7.1.5
1.
0 r1
B ( )
B=0H
B H
O
NI
H( I )
B , H
S
l
I
2.
7.2
7.2.1
r 1 (
r 2105 )
7.2.2
BJ
B0
B BJB0
B-H
B
BJ
B0
O
B-H
B
b
B
OaB H
a
BJ
ab B
bB
B0
B H O
H
B,
H
I
B
BH
7.2.3
B
B-H
B
Br ()
Br
(H=0)
O H
Hc
H
c
B = 0 H
B/T
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
c
b
10 103
H/(A/m)
c
b
H/(A/m)
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0103
(1)
(2)
(3)
7.3
7.3.1
If
N
S
N
7.3.2
1.
N
H dl I
l
B
NI Hl
l
l
Hx
S
I
NI F
l
S
Rm
F=NI
Rm
l
S
2.
F Rm
F
Rm
3.
B
R m
I
N
F
NI
l
Rm
S
E
I
J
R
l
S
_
I
R
E
l
S
4.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) E=0I=0
F=0
7.3.3
: (
),
F=NI
:
n
NI H 1 l 1 H 2 l 2 H n l n
n
NI H i l i
i 1
: F=NI
(1) Bi
B1
S1
B2
S2
, ... , Bn
Sn
(2) Hi
Bi=f ( Hi) ,B1
B2 H1 H2
(3) Hi li
(4) NI
n
NI H i l i
i 1
1:300
0.9T
45cm (1)
; (2)
1
B=0.9 T H=9000 A/m
Hl 9000 0.45
I
13.5 A
N
300
(2)
B=0.9 T H=260 A/m
Hl 260 0.45
I
0.39 A
N
300
1(1)(2)
0.39A
0.39A
260 A/m
B = 0.05T B =0.9T,
BB17
=BS
17
2: 10cm
5cm
0.2cm 1A
0.9T
:
B0
0.9
5
H0
7.2 10 A/m
7
0 4 10
B=0.9 T H1=500 A/m
l 10 15 39.2 cm
l 1 l 39.2 - 0.2 39 cm
NI 1635
N
1635
I
1
7.4
i
7.4 .1
+ e
i u +
e
+
N
i (Ni)
d
e N
dt
di
d
L
e N
dt
dt
i L N
i
7.4 .2
KVL:
u Ri e e
di
Ri L ( e )
dt
R
L
i
+
u
e
+
e
+
N
U RI ( E ) ( E )
RI jX I ( E )
U RI jX I ( E )
msin t,
d
d
e N
N ( msin t ) N mcos t
dt
dt
2fN msin ( t 90) Emsin ( t 90 )
E
2
fN
m
m
E
4.44 fN m
2
2
R X
E
U E
U E 4.44 fN m 4.44 fNBm S (V)
Bm[T]
S [m2]
7.4 .3
i
1. Pcu
, R
Pcu
Pcu = RI2
+
u
RI
2. PFe
PFe
1Ph
Ph
f
O
H
(2)Pe
P UI cos RI 2 PFe
7.4 .4
RX
i
+
u
e
+
e
+
+ + uR + u +
u
u e
R0X0R
0
()X0
PFe
R0
I2
QFe
X0 2
I
Z0
R X
2
0
2
0
U U
I
I
PFe QFe
X
i R
uR + u + R
+
+
0
+ e
u e
u
u e+
X0
+
1: U= 220 V
I=4 AP=100Wf=50Hz
:(1)
2
P
100
: (1) cos
0.114
UI 220 4
(2)
U
220
Z
55
I
4
P 100
R R R0 2 2 6.25 R 0
I
4
X X X 0 Z 2 R 2 552 6.252
54 .6 X 0
2: U= 220 V
f=50Hz 30.2 cm2,
0.91 (0.9~0.93)
1 Bm=1.2T? (2)
60cm,?
2
:
S 30.2 0.91 27.5 cm
(1)
U
220
N
300
4
4.44 fBm S 4.44 50 1.2 27.5 10
(2)B=1.2T,=700
Hml
700 60 102
I
1A
2N
2 300
7.5.1
7.5
P =UI cos
cos
P = I Rl
U I
I S
10.5kV
220kV
10kV
380 / 220V
36V
i1
u2
u1
i2
N2
N1
ZL
0.35mm 0.5mm
()
7.5.2
i2
i1
u2
u1
N1
N2
ZL
1.
i0
(1)
e
u1 e 1+
+ 1
N1
i2 0
+ +
u1
i0 ( i0N1)
1
di 0
e1 L1
dt
e 2 u 20
N2
d
e1 N 1
dt
d
e2 N 2
dt
1.
i1
(2)
e
u1 e 1+
+ 1
N1
u1
i1 ( i1N1)
1
di1
e1 L1
dt
d
e1 N 1
dt
d
e2 N 2
dt
i2 ( i2N2)
i2
+
e2 + Z
e+ u2
2
N2
d i
e2 L2 2
dt
2.
(1)
msin t,
d
d
e1 N1
N1 ( msin t)
dt
dt
N 1 mcos t
E1msin ( t 90)
E1m 2fN 1 m
E1
2
2
E1 4.44 f m N1
e2 E2msin ( t 90)
E2 4.44 fm N 2
I1 R1
(2)
KVL
U 1 R1 I1 E 1 E 1
R1 I1 j X 1 I1 E 1
E 1 E1
U1
R1 ;
X1=L1 (
)
R1 X1 (),
, E1
U E U E 4.44 f N
1
KVL
E 2 R2 I2 E 2 U 2
R2 I2 j X 2 I2 U 2
i1
i2
+
+
e
2 u
+ e1
+ 2
u1 +
e
e
R2 ;
+ 1
2
N2
X2=L2 N 1
U 2
: I 2 0 , U 2 U 20 E2 4.44 f m N 2
U20
U1 E1 N 1
K
U 20 E2 N 2
1)
A
B
C
ABC
Z
Y
A-X B-Y C-Z XY Z aX
b
c
z
y
abc x
a-x b-y c-z
xyz
2)
Y / Y Y / Y0 Y0 / Y Y / Y0 /
:
Y / Y0 :
Y / :
Y0 / :
1Y/Y0
A
+
+
U1
U P1
U1
U1 +
U P2
U
3 K U2 1
U1
U2
3 U P1
U P1
K
3 U P2 UP2
2Y0/
A
+
U1
+
U P1
U1
U1
U 2 U P2
3K
U1
3U P 1
U P1
3
3K
U2
UP2
UP2
3. ()
U
Z 2 I2 2
Z2
i1
+
u1
e1
i2
N1
N2
+ +
e 2 u2 |Z |
U1 E1 4 .44 f m N1
U1 f m
m
i0
N1 m
i1 N 1 i2 N 2 m
i1 N 1
i1 N 1 i2 N 2 i0 N 1
i0 N 1 i 2 N 2
1.m
2. i2 N 2
I0 (2~3)%I1N
i1 N 1 i2 N 2 I1 N 1 I2 N 2
I1 N 1 I 2 N 2
I1
N2
1
I2
N1
K
4.
I1
I1
I2
U 1
U 2
U 1
U1
U2
Z
Z
I1
I2
U 1 KU 2
2 U2
Z
K
K 2 Z Z K 2 Z
I2
I1
I2
K
K 2
1:
E= 120V R 0=800
R0
+
RL=8:
1RL
E
RL R0
2
I
,
N1
R0
: (1)
+
N1
RL
800
K
10
N2
RL
8
I
RL
I 2
N2
+
U 2
RL
E
120
RL
P
800 4.5 W
800 800
R0 RL
2
2
2
E
120
RL
P
8 0.176 W
800 8
R0 RL
2
RL
R0
22mm41mm0.35mm
22mm
0.9
0.35mmBm=1.1T
41mm
U1
380
N1
1920
4
4.44 fBm S 4.44 50 1.1 8.1 10
U 20
1.05 U 2
1.05 36
N 2 N1
N1
1920
190
U1
U1
380
U20=1.05U2
SN
50
I 2
1.39 A
U2
36
SN
50
0.13 A
I 1
U1
380
d2
4I
I J
4
, d J
JJ 2.5 A/mm2
d1
4 I1
4 0.13
0.256 mm 0.25mm
3.14 2.5
d2
4 I2
4 1.39
0.84 mm 0.9mm
3.14 2.5
5.
1
S J L 1000/10
(KV)
(KVA)
J:
F:
S:
D:
2
U1NU2N
U1N
U2N
U1NU2N
I1NI2N
2)
SN
S N U 2 N I 2 N U 1N I1N
SN 3U2N I 2N 3U1N I1N
S N U 1 N I 1 N
P2 U 2 I 2 cos
P2
P1
S P
N
P1 P2
7.5.3
1.
U1 cos2
U2 I2U2 = f (I2)
U2 U 2 f ( I 2 )
U20
cos2 =1
cos2 =0.8
(
I2N
I2
U20
U 20 U 2
U %
100%
U 20
I2U2
5%
2. ()
(PCu)
(PFe )
()
P2
P2
P1 P2 PCu PFe
95% ,(50~75)%
:
SN=100kVA, U1N=6000V, f=50Hz
U2N= U20=400V , :
PFe =600 W PCu =2400W
(1)
(2)
: (1)
I 2N
I 1N
SN
100 10
144 A
3 U 2N
3 400
3
SN
100 10
9.62 A
3 U 1N
3 6000
3
()
P2
1
P2 PFe PCu
100 103
0
97
.
1
0
3
100 10 600 2400
1
100 103
2
0
1
97
.
6
0
2
1
1
2
3
100 10 600 2400
2
2
7.5.4
1. ( )
(
(
a
x +
2.
110V
220V
110V
23
13 2 4
i
1
u220 2
+ 1
U 220
m
4.44 f 2 N
u110
2
3
4
U 110
m
4.44 f N
(220/110)
1110V
N
i 1
3
+
u
i220 2 N i110 N
i110
i220
N
N
2
4
u1 i1 R1 e1
i1
e0
u
R1
3.
(X - x),
AX uAX
U
AX
U Aa
U ax
V
A a
+
uAX
X x
U Aa U AX Uax
A a X x
U Aa U AX Uax
A x X a .
S
A a
+
_
X x
S
A-a
;
S
A-x
+
_
A
X
+ a
e2
x
S
7.5.5
1.
U1
N1
K
U2
N2
I1
N2
1
I2
N1
K
+ i1
u1
N1
P
N2
i2
+
u2 R L
2.
~u
N1
N2
1.
2.
= N1/N2
3.
i1
N1
N2
i2
1.
2.
= N2/N1
7.6
1.
2.
3.
S0
B0
7
10 2
F
B0 S 0 N
8
B0 []
S0
F []N
B0 Bm sin t
:
107 2
107 2
f
B0 S0
Bm S0 sin2 t
8
8
Fm sin2 t
1
1
Fm Fm cos2 t
2
2
:
Fm
1 T
1
107 2
Bm S0 [N]
: F 0 f d t Fm
T
2
16
107 2
Fm
Bm S0
8
(1)
1 2
1
2
(2) ,
(3)
(4)
4.
M
3~
1:
c= 4 cm, l =7cm
a= 1 cm
220V = 1 cm
50 N
a
7
10 2
F
Bm S 0
16
16 F
Bm
10 7
S0
l
a
16 F
16 50
7
7
10
10
1.6 T
Bm
4
S0
1 10
U
220
N
6200
4
4.44 fBm S 4.44 50 1.6 1 10
Bm
2 NI H m
0
I
Bm
2 N 0
1.6 1 102
1.5 A
7
2 6200 4 10