CHEMICAL RECYCLING

ILAMATHI.V M.Tech environmental engineering and management Center for pollution control

Intro

Chemicals bring many benefits to societies and represent a vital element of human development. Without good management and disposal practices chemical substances as well as wastes have the potential to pose significant risks to human health and the environment particularly women and children most vulnerable to their negative effects. The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 was enacted by Congress to give EPA the ability to track the 75,000 industrial chemicals currently produced or imported into the United States.

EPA repeatedly screens these chemicals and can require reporting or testing of those that may pose an environmental or human-health hazard.

Sources of chemical waste and its cause

Unsustainable consumption and production patterns

Poor design
Poor material choice Disposal of waste Resource depletion Waste generation and pollution Impeding sustainable human development low growth rates for children and birth defects

Root cause

Eg : Waste oil recycling(Process)

Industrial and automotive used oils are recycled at re-refineries. Oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons and small amounts of impurities . The Contaminated lubricating oil consist of water, gas, particulate matters, impurities etc. Steps

1. dehydration
2. Vacuum distillation 3. Hydro-treating 4. Fractionating (filtration, etc ) 5. Blending additives

Steps

Dehydrating

1.Removes water .
2.Dehydrating also removes light fuels that are used to power the refinery and captures ethylene glycol for re-use in recycled antifreeze.

Vacuum distillation 1.Removes the lube cut (the fraction suitable for reuse as lubricating oil) leaving a heavy oil that contains the used oil's additives and other by-products such as asphalt extender. Hydro treating or catalytic hydrogenation 1. To remove residual polymers and other chemical compounds and saturate carbon chains with hydrogen for greater stability. Final oil separation or fractionating Separates the oil into three different oil grades 1. Light viscosity lubricants suitable for general lubricant applications 2. low viscosity lubricants for automotive and industrial applications 3.high viscosity lubricants for heavy-duty applications. The oil that is produced in this step is referred to as re-refined base oil (RRBL).

Blending additives
Three grades of oil products to produce final products with the right detergent and anti-friction qualities. Then each product is tested again for quality and purity before releasing it to the public for resale.

The special filters are made which can eliminate various impurities water and gas effectively and rapidly. Automatic reverse wash system will extend the lifetime of filters and improve the performance of the filters.

Simple Flow diag

Fractionating .

Advntge

High performance security system including pressure protection device and automatic temperature controller makes purifier operate safely.

Easy handling and maintenance. Lower maintenance and replacement expenses Small size, light weight, low noise Available in mobile or stationary options. Various sizes and configurations (shield) available.

Advntge.

In recycling process these impurities are removed from lubrication oil and improve properties of lubricating oil so as to greatly extend lifetime of machinery which has lubrication system.

Conclusion
The Global Plan of Action includes a variety of work areas with direct and/or indirect impact on the environment to have sound chemical management For example in agricultural sector pesticide programmes sound agricultural practices highly toxic pesticides (risk management and reduction) legal, policy and institutional aspects risk assessment, management and communication waste management (and minimization) Capacity building to support national actions.

Risk reduction which includes the ban on highly hazardous pesticides, promoting good agricultural practices, ensuring environmentally-sound disposal of stock-piles of obsolete pesticides and capacity-building in establishing national and regional laboratories.

Reference

HANDBOOK OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND WASTE MINIMIZATION TECHNOLOGIES (Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Ph.D. N&P Limited)

http://www.undp.org/chemicals/ http://www.synlube.com/usedoil.htm