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FACIAL bones
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Bones of Face

Most of the facial skeleton is formed by 9 bones:

4 paired 1. Nasal 2. Zygomatic 3. Maxilla 4. Palatine
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Facial Bones

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Nasal Bones
These bones may be felt easily

because they form thebridge of the nose.

The right and left nasal bones

articulate with each other at theinternasal suture.

They also articulate with the frontal

bones, the maxillae, and the ethmoid bones.

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Nasal Bones
The mobility of the anteroinferior

portion of the nose, supported only by cartilages, serves as a partial protection against injure (e.g., a punch in the nose). However, a hard blow to the anterosuperior bony portion of the nose may fracture the nasal bones (broken nose).
Often the bones are displaced

sideways and/or posteriorly.

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Nasal bones

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Nasal Bone

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Maxillae

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Maxillae
Forms the skeleton of the face

between the mouth and the eyes

They surround theAnterior nasal

apertures
Are united in the medial plane at

theIntermaxillary sutureto form the maxilla (upper jaw).

This suture is also visible in thehard

palate, where the palatine processes 3/18/12 of the maxillae unite.

Maxillae

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Maxillae
Each adult maxilla consists of:
a hollowbodythat contains a

largemaxillary sinus
azygomatic processthat

articulates with its mate on the other side to form most of the hard palate
alveolar processesthat form

sockets for the maxillary (upper) teeth.

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Maxillae

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Maxillae
The maxillae also articulate with
Vomer Lacrimal Sphenoid palatine bones.

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Maxillae
Thebody of the maxillahas a
nasal surfacethat

contributes to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

orbital surfacethat

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Maxillae
Infraorbital foramen
faces

inferomedially

located about 1

cm inferior to the infraorbital margin

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Maxillae
Incisive fossa
a shallow concavity

overlying the roots of the incisor teeth

just inferior to the

nasal cavity.

Is the injection site

for anaesthesia of

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Maxillae

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Mandible

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Mandible
U-shaped bone Forms the skeleton of the lower jaw

and the inferior part of the face

Largest and strongest facial

bone.
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Mandible

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Mandible
Eachramus

ascends almost vertically from the posterior aspect of the body.

The superior

part of the

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Mandible
The condylar

process is separated from the coronoid process by themandibular notch, which forms the concave superior border of the mandible.

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Mandible
The rami and

body meet posteriorly at theangle of the mandible.

Inferior to the

second premolar tooth on each side of the

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Mandible
Mandibular foramen:
Found on the

internal aspect of the ramus

It is the oblong

entrance to themandibular canalthat transmits the

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Mandible

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Mandible

Mylohyoid groove: Runs inferiorly and slightly anteriorly on the internal

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Mandible

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Zygomatic
BONE

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Zygomatic Bone

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ZYGOMATIC BONE
Forms the
prominences of the cheeks (L.mala) anterolateral rims and much of the

infraorbital margins of the orbits

They articulate with the frontal,

maxilla, sphenoid, and temporal bones.

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ZYGOMATIC BONE
The frontal

process of the zygomatic bone passes superiorly, where it forms the

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Zygomatic Bone

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ZYGOMATIC BONE
Zygomaticofacial foramen:
On the

anterolateral aspect of the zygomatic bone near the infraorbital margin

Nerve and vessels

of the same name

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ZYGOMATIC BONE
The temporal

process of the zygomatic bone unites with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form thezygomatic arch.
This arch can be
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HYOID BONE

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HYOID BONE
U shaped , mobile,

single bone found in the midline of neck

Does not articulate

with any other bone

At rest, lies at the

level of 3dr cervical vertebrae

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HYOID BONE
Ossification
The hyoid isossifiedfrom six

centers: two for the body, and one for eachcornu.

Ossification commences in the

greater cornua toward the end of fetallife, in the body shortly afterward, and in the lesser cornua during the first or second year after birth. 3/18/12

HYOID BONE

Attachment :
The following muscles are attached to the hyoid: Superior
3/18/12 Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle

Inferior
Thyrohyoid muscle Omohyoid muscle Sternohyoid muscle

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HYOID BONE
Provides attachment to :

Above - Floor of mouth, Tongue Below - Larynx Behind - Epiglottis and pharynx

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HYOID BONE
BODY Has Anterior and Posterior surfaces Upper and lower surfaces Anterior surfaces:
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HYOID BONE
Posterior

surface Concave Directed backwards and downwards

Lateral end of

body Continuous post with

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HYOID BONE
Tapers posteriorly, ends in a tubercle Has 2 surfaces ( upper & lower) 2 borders ( medial & lateral ) a tubercle
Lesser cornua

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Applied anatomy Due to its position, the hyoid bone is

not susceptible to easy fracture. In a suspected case of murder, a fractured hyoid strongly indicatesthrottling orstrangulation.
However this is not the case in

children and adolescents, where the hyoid bone is still flexible as ossification is yet to be completed 3/18/12

Thank you

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