Did you know?

A blocked airway can kill someone in three to four minutes, but it can take more than eight minutes for an ambulance to arrive. latest government figures, from 2002, estimate 2.7 million people in the UK went to A&E because of an accident in their home.
3/20/12

The

Did you know?

Sadly,

almost 4,000 people in England and Wales died because of accidents in or around their home in 2004, according to the Office for National Statistics. means you're more likely to help someone you know rather than a stranger.
3/20/12

This

First Aid
A beginners guide for subtitle with Click to edit Master dealing style emergencies

Presented By Aditya Nag Matsa E-09-0005

3/20/12

Outline
First

Aid Aims, Importance Myths of first aid first aid box

Some The

ABCs First

aid in some common emergency situations.

Conclusion
3/20/12

What is First Aid?

Immediate It It

help

is the care given prior to emergency medical help. is usually performed by a lay personto a sick or injuredcasualtyuntil definitivemedical treatmentcan be accessed.
3/20/12

Aims of First Aid

To

Preserve life

The overriding aim of all medical care, including first aid, is to save lives

Prevent

further harm

Also sometimes calledprevent the condition from worsening

Promote

recovery

First aid also involves trying to start 3/20/12 the recovery process from the illness

Conditions that often require first aid

Bone fracture Heart attack Heat stroke, also known as sunstroke orhyperthermia Heavy bleeding Hyperglycemia(diabetic coma) Childbirth Burns Crampsin muscles Joint dislocation Poisoning Muscle strainsandSprains Hypoglycemia(insulin shock) Choking Toothache

Insect and animalbitesand Woundsandbleeding stings

3/20/12

Importance of first aid

It

can literally mean the difference between life and death. the correct thing to do if someone has a nosebleed or cut is important. are various myths regarding first aid.
3/20/12

Knowing

There

Common Myths Regarding First Aid

1. 2.

You should put butter or cream on a burn. If you cant move a limb, it must be broken/If you can move a limb, it cant be broken. The best way to treat bleeding is to put the wound under a tap. Nosebleeds are best treated by putting the head back. If someone has swallowed a
3/20/12

3. 4. 5.

The First Aid Box

6 x medium dressings 2 x large dressings 2 x extra-large dressings 4 x alcohol-free cleansing wipes 2 x disposable gloves 1 x pack of blue plasters 1 x pack of plasters 6 x safety pins
3/20/12

3 x triangular bandages 1 x resuscitation face shield 1 x scissors 1 x tweezers 1 x thermometer 2 x sterilized pads 2 x crepe bandages 1 x adhesive microtape

Control Bleeding
1. 2. 3. 4.

Direct Pressure Elevation Pressure Points Torniquets

3/20/12

1. Direct Pressure
Plug Put

the hole.

pressure directly on the wound.

Gauze pads help the components of the blood to stick together, promoting clotting.

If

the gauze or towel soaks through with blood, add another layer.

3/20/12 Nevertake off the gauze.

2. Elevate above the Heart

Elevate the wound to slow blood flow.
Elevate

the wound above the

heart.

By elevating the wound, you slow the flow of blood. As the blood slows, it becomes easier to stop it with direct pressure.

Remember,

it must beabove the 3/20/12 heartand you mustkeep direct

3. Use Pressure Points

Pressure

points are areas of the body where blood vessels run close to the surface. using pressure points, make sure you are pressing on a point closer to the heart than the wound. pressure points:

When

Common

Arm between shoulder and elbow 3/20/12 brachial artery

Tourniquet?
Tourniquets

severely restrict or occlude blood flow to the arm or leg to which they are applied. a tourniquet is a desperate move- only for the most dire emergencies where the choice between life and limb must be made. requires wrapping acravat around an extremity and 3/20/12

Applying

It

ABCs of First Aid

Safety

first. if the Victim is Awake.

Determine A B C

is for Airway. is for Breathing. is for Circulation. waiting for the ambulance.

While

3/20/12

Safety First
Stay safe. If you have protective equipment, wear it.
Universal

Precautions.

Reduces the potential for victims to infect rescuers. Requires personal protective equipment (e.g. Gloves, Eye Protection). Be sure that the First Aid Kit has enough of them. 3/20/12

Determine if the Victim is Awake

Briskly rub the victim's sternum with your knuckles to wake him.

The

biggest indicator of a serious medical emergency is an inability to wake a victim. the person you are trying to help does not respond to you as you attempt to wake him or her, then you shouldcall 102 immediately.
3/20/12

If

A is for Airway
If

a victim is conscious:

Ask him or her to speak. The ability to speak directly correlates with an airway. If a person's airway is blocked, he or she can't speak.

If

a victim is unconscious:

Put your ear close to the victim's mouth and listen for breathing. Feel for air on your cheek and look at
3/20/12

B is for Breathing
To see if a patient is breathing, look for chest movement, listen for air movement, and feel for air on your cheek.

If

you do not see, hear or feelnormalbreathing:start CPRimmediately! the victimisbreathing normally, place him or her in therecovery position.
3/20/12

If

C is for Circulation
Control bleeding until the ambulance arrives.
Look

at the victim's color and feel his or her skin temperature to see if he or she has signs of circulation. you do not think the victim has circulation and is not responding to you,start CPR.
3/20/12 the victim is bleeding, follow

If

If

While Waiting for the Ambulance

Lock Turn

up the dogs or other pets on the porch light

Gather Send

the victim'spersonal medical information someone to meet emergency crews and guide them to the victim cars & furniture out of the way to allow access with a 3/20/12 gurney

Move

What to do in case of a Road Accident

Stop.

Apply handbrake. Turn off engine

Assess conditions Remain calm

Make

safe casualties

Assess Call

for help (Calling 102) emergency first aid

3/20/12

Apply

Choking
Signs:

Unable to breathe at all Turned blue Heart action becomes irregular

The

Heimlich Maneuver.

3/20/12

Drowning
Remove Remove

the victim from the vicinity of water immediately. mucus, water etc. from the lungs by tilting the victim on his side. CPR until help arrives.

Perform

3/20/12

How to Treat Broken Bones

Safety First! Check ABC's. Control bleeding. Look for other injuries.
If a victim shows signs of injury to the head, neck, or back, DO NOT move the victim.

If an ambulance is unavailable, it may be necessary tosplint the 3/20/12 broken part.

Heat Exhaustion
Reasons Heat

for heat exhaustion

exhaustion can lead toheat strokeif not treated in time.

Signs:

weakness dizziness warm, moist, pale skin nausea and vomiting

3/20/12

Steps:

Summary
First

Aid Its aims and importance. of first aid

ABCs

A = Airway B = Breathing C = Circulation

Handling

some life threatening situations.

3/20/12

References
BBC

bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid Accessed 19/3/2010 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_aid Accessed 19/3/2010 firstaid.about.com/ Accessed 4/4/2010

3/20/12

Wikipedia

About.com

Thank you for listening patiently

3/20/12