Labo 9

PETE 225-lab
Copyright, 2005, TAMU

Lab#9
Well Control
PETE 225-lab
Geology
PETE 225-lab
3
Sedimentation
PETE 225-lab
4
Pore Pressure
Normal formation
pressure is equal to the
column of formation fluid.
Abnormal pore pressure is
defined as a pore pressure
greater than normal
Subnormal pore pressure
is defined as pore pressure
less than normal.
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PETE 225-lab
5
Normal Pore Pressure
MW Gradients Example area
Fresh water 8.3 ppg .433 psi/ft Rocky mountain
Brackish water 8.4 ppg .437 psi/ft

Salt water 8.5 ppg .442 psi/ft Most sedimentary basins
worldwide
Normal salt
water
8.7 ppg .452 psi/ft North sea
Salt water 8.9 ppg .465 psi/ft GOM
Salt water 9.2 ppg .478 psi/ft GOM
PETE 225-lab
6
Overburden Pressure
Overburden pressure is
total pressure exerted
by the formation
weight (fluid + rock)

Overburden pressure
usually is in the range
of 19 21 ppg.
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PETE 225-lab
7
Example 1
Assume Normal pore
pressure to calculate
formation /overburden
pressure at the bottomhole
P
pore
= 8.5 ppg
P
overburden
= 1 psi/ft

P
pore
= 0.052 8.5 5500
= .442 5500
= 2430 psi
P
overburden
= 1 psi/ft 5500
= 5500 psi
5500 ft
Solution
PETE 225-lab
8
Fracture Pressure
High bottomhole pressure can
fracture the formation.
The amount of pressure needed to
fracture the formation is equal to the
sum of downhole stress pressure and
tensile strength of rock.
PETE 225-lab
9
Example 2
If the fracture gradient at the
bottomhole is 0.8 psi/ft
estimate the required
bottomhole pressure to
fracture the formation.

P
fracture
= 0.8 psi/ft 5500
= 4400 psi
5500 ft
Solution
PETE 225-lab
Basics of Well Control
PETE 225-lab
11
Equivalent Mud Weight
Pressure usually is expressed in equivalent
mud weight (ppg) or gradient.

ppg 0.052
ft
psi
Gradient Pressure
TVD 0.052
HP
ppg
TVD ppg 0.052 HP
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
=
PETE 225-lab
12
Example 3
What is the equivalent mud weight for a
reservoir at the depth of 12000 ft with
8000 psi pressure? What is the minimum
mud weight to drill into the reservoir?

Minimum mud weight = 12.9 ppg

weight mud lent Equiva 82 . 12
2000 1 0.052
8000
TVD 0.052
HP
ppg
=
=

=
ppg
Solution
PETE 225-lab
13
Pressure Calculation
The general pressure calculation
equation considers pressure at the
surface.

If surface pressure is 300 psi,
TVD = 9000 ft, mw = 12 ppg and
calculate the BHP.

( ) TVD ppg 0.052 P HP
surface
+ =
P
surface

psi 5920 HP
9000 2 1 0.052 00 3 HP
=
+ =
Solution
PETE 225-lab
14
Example 4
Calculate the surface pressure
Formation pressure = 13730 psi
MW = 17.6
Depth = 14500 ft

?
psi 60 4 P
14500 17.6 0.052 13730
TVD ppg 0.052 HP P
TVD ppg 0.052 P HP
surface
surface
surface
=
=
=
+ =
Solution
PETE 225-lab
15
U-Tube
U-tube is a simple
schematic of the
well used for well
control purposes.
The simple concept
of u-tube is
consistent BHP from
drillstring and
annulus.
Annulus
Drill String
BHP
PETE 225-lab
16
Example 5
Calculate the mud weight
in the left column to
balance the pressure at
the bottomhole.
BHP
350 psi
14 ppg
6
0
0
0

f
t

? ppg
PETE 225-lab
17
Example 5 - Solution
BHP
350 psi
14 ppg
6
0
0
0

f
t

? ppg
( )
TVD 0.052
P
MW ppg ?
parametric RHS and LHS out you work If
15.2 fluid drilling of MW
15.12 ppg ?
6000 ppg ? 0.052 4720
psi 4720
6000 14 0.052 350 BHP
surface
ppg
+ =
=
=
=
=
+ =
PETE 225-lab
18
Frictional Pressure
To circulate the mud in the well, energy is
needed to overcome frictional pressure in
the circulation system
Drillstring
Nozzles
Annulus
In most cases during well control operation,
annular pressure drop can be ignored.
PETE 225-lab
19
Pressure Drop Estimation
Killing is done using a heavier mud.
Heavier mud has higher pressure drop
If the rheological properties of mud stays
the same, the pressure loss in the system
estimated using
original
Kill
original kill
MW
MW
P P =
Slow Pump Rate
PETE 225-lab
20
Goal of Well Control
Safely circulate out the kick with the
kill weight mud.

Keep the BHP equal to or slightly
higher than the formation pressure.
PETE 225-lab
21
Kill Weight Mud
Kill weight mud calculation is the same
as the one in Example 5.

From Example 5

TVD 0.052
P
MW MW
surface
original kill
+ =
PETE 225-lab
22
Keep The BHP Constant
To keep the BHP constant we have to
consider the following factor
Gas expansion
Pressure drop in the system
Higher hydrostatic pressure due to the
heavier mud
PETE 225-lab
23
Initial Circulating Pressure
Initial circulating pressure
is equal to the sum of
standpipe pressure and
system pressure drop
P
standpipe

SPR standpipe initial
P P P + =
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PETE 225-lab
24
Final Circulating Pressure
The pressure required to circulate
the mud at the SPR, when the kill
mud passes the nozzles is called the
final circulating pressure.
This pressure is maintained while
circulating the kill mud up the
annulus.
P
standpipe

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original
MW
MW
SPR FCP
kill
=
PETE 225-lab
25
ICP - FCP
Initial circulating pressure is greater than
FCP.
As the kill mud displaces the original mud
in the drillpipe
Hydrostatic pressure increases.
Frictional pressure increases.
The HP is greater than frictional pressure
increase.
As the result of these two factors
circulating pressure drops.
PETE 225-lab
26
ICP FCP (cont.)
for operational purposes a linear
behavior between ICP and FCP vs.
drillstring displacement stroke is
used.
PETE 225-lab
Drillpipe Pressure Schedule
ICP = 1100 psi
FCP = 830 psi
KWM to Bit KWM to Surface
Cum Volume of Mud Pumped, strokes
D
P
P
p
s
i
PETE 225-lab
28
Gas expansion
5000
5100
5100
5000
5100
2500
2500
BHP = 5100 psi
BHP = 7600 psi BHP = 10100 psi
P
surface
= 100 psi P
surface
= 2600 psi
P
surface
= 5100 psi
PETE 225-lab
Casing Pressure
PETE 225-lab
Kill Sheet
TVD=6000 ft

Borehole = 9.875

Casing:
Length = 4000 ft
11.75, 42 #/ft K55

Drill pipe:
Length = 6000 ft
5, 25.6 lb/ft
Mud weight=12.5 ppg
Pump factor = 0.09 bbl/stk

System pressure loss @ 30
stks = 300 psi

Shut-In Drillpipe pressure =
350 psi

Shut-In casing pressure = 500
psi

Gain = 10 bbls

PETE 225-lab
Pre-recorded Information
31
Kill sheet is courtesy of Well Control School
5 4.276
9500 19.5 10000
10000 9.875
8000
8000 42/k55
11.75 11.084
0.1
14.0
0.0177
6
2
500
.0049
PETE 225-lab
Kill Rates (Slow Pump Rate)
32
30 420
30 420
PETE 225-lab
Wait & Weight Worksheet
33
500
10000 14.0 15.0
Round up to the accuracy of 0.1 ppg
1
30 0.1
3.0
420
500
420
920
420
15.0 14.0
450
PETE 225-lab
Drill String Volume & Stroke Calculations
34
9500
0.01776
168.74
171.19 0.1 1712
Round up to a whole number
168.74
500
0.0049
2.45
2.45
PETE 225-lab
Annular Volume & Stroke Calculations
35
11.084
2
5
2
0.0951

8000

9.875
2
5
2
0.0704

1500

105.6

760.8

105.6

896.27

760.8

9.875
2
6
2
.0597

500

29.88

29.88

PETE 225-lab
Annular Volume & Stroke Calculations
36
105.6

0.1

1354.8

896.27

8962.7

8962.7

1712
10674.7

0.1

29.88

PETE 225-lab
RECORDED KICK INFORMATION
37
10000
10000
500
750
20
14.0
30
3.0
15.0
920
450
171.19
1712
896.27
8962.7
1354.8

10674.7

PETE 225-lab
Pressure
Chart
38
920
450 1712
450
10674.7

1712
171.2
920 450 47
873
826
779
732
685
638
591
544
497
171.2
342.4
513.6
684.8
856
1027.2
1198.4
1369.6
1540.8
PETE 225-lab
Well Information
TVD=10000 ft
Borehole = 9.875

Casing:
Length = 8000 ft
11.75, 42 #/ft

Drill pipe:
5, 19.5 lb/ft
Drill collar:
Length = 500 ft
62
Mud weight=14.0 ppg
Pump factor = 0.1 bbl/stk

System pressure loss @ 30
stks= 420 psi

Shut-In Drillpipe pressure =
500 psi

Shut-In casing pressure =
750 psi

Gain = 20 bbls

Labo 9

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PETE 225-lab

Copyright, 2005, TAMU

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