Pembimbing: dr. Yanto Budiman, Sp. Rad, M.Kes Presentan: 2010.061.006 2010.061.007 2010.061.

014

Handy Putra Melissa Nathania Theda Stefanus Harris

Definisi
Panoramik = Orthopantomografi
Pemeriksaan radiologis dari gigi +rahangnya yang

berbentuk melengkung terlihat gambaran lurus dari film dengan menggunakan prinsip tomografi

Referensi: Langland, Olaf E. 1989. Panoramic Radiology, Second Edition. Philadelphia : Lea and Febiger. Whaites, Eric. 1997. Essentials of Dental Radiography and Radiology, Reprinted Second Edition. New York : Churchill Livingstone

Tujuan
Skrining orthodontic dan periodontal
Diagnosis dini gangguan perkembangan gigi (umur 10 tahun,15

tahun,20tahun)

Deteksi kista atau tumor odontogenik

Evaluasi etilogi gigi tanggal Evaluasi gangguan pada temporomandibular joint Evaluasi fraktur maxillofacial Evaluasi pre dan post operasi

Komponen pesawat panoramik

A. Tube head sinar-X B. Penyangga dan fiksasi kepala C. Tempat kaset D. Kontrol panel.

 Kaset tipis fleksibel / kaset kaku dengan dilengkapi

screen, ukuran kaset 5 x 12 inchi atau 6 x 12 inchi

Referensi: Langland, Olaf E. 1989. Panoramic Radiology, Second Edition. Philadelphia : Lea and Febiger

Prinsip kerja

Referensi: Langland, Olaf E. 1989. Panoramic Radiology, Second Edition. Philadelphia : Lea and Febiger Pasler, Priedrich A. 2005. Color Atlas of Dental Medicine Radiology. Thieme

Regio diagnostik
Dentoalveolar region
Maxillary region Mandibullary region Temporomandibular joint region

Pasler, Priedrich A. 2005. Color Atlas of Dental Medicine Radiology. Thieme

Dentoalveolar region
Posteroanterior

Pasler, Priedrich A. 2005. Color Atlas of Dental Medicine Radiology.. Thieme

Caries
Bite wing radiograph

Maxillary region
Waters Projection

Pasler, Priedrich A. 2005. Color Atlas of Dental Medicine Radiology. Thieme

Mandibullary region
Reverse Towne Radiograph

Pasler, Priedrich A. 2005. Color Atlas of Dental Medicine Radiology. Thieme

Temporomandibular joint region

Pasler, Priedrich A. 2005. Color Atlas of Dental Medicine Radiology. Thieme

Kriteria foto baik

Struktur anatomi yang harus tampak pada radiografi

panoramik: gigi geligi, mandibula, temporomandibular joints (TMJs), nasal fossae, sinus maksila, arkus zygomatikum, maksila, dan bagian vertebra servikal
Ramus dan gigi belakang magnifikasinya sama Gigi depan dan belakang tampak secara tajam dengan

magnifikasi yang sama

Simpisis mandibula terproyeksi secara lurus di bawah

mandibular angles, mandibula berbentuk lengkung

 Gigi atas dan bawah terletak rapi dan terpisah tanpa

superposisi
Densitas mandibula dan gigi geligi sama dalam

gambaran
Tidak ada artefak yang bertumpukan pada gambaran
Referensi: Bontrager, Kenneth L. 2001. Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy. Fifth Edition. Saint Louis : Mosby

A. Septum nasal B. Tengah dan bawah turninates C. Garis orbita D. Hard palate E / F. Permukaan antrum G. MAE H. Prosesus styloid I. Hyoid J. Plastik kepala pendukung

 Bayangan jaringan keras (hard tissue)

Gigi geligi, mandibula, maksila, hard palate, prosesus

styloid, tulang hyoid, septum nasal dan konka, lingkaran orbita, dan dasar kepala

Bayangan jaringan lunak

Lobus telinga, kartilago nasal, soft palate, punggung

lidah, bibir, pipi, dan lipatan nasolabial.

Bayangan artefak
Vertebra servikal, body, angle dan ramus sisi samping

mandibula, serta palate

Referensi: Bontrager, Kenneth L. 2001. Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy. Fifth Edition. Saint Louis : Mosby

Intra Oral

Anatomi

Caries

Amalgram

Absscess

Kalkulus

Impaksi

Kista dentigerus

Periodontal cyst

Radicular cyst

Infected radicular cyst

Keratocyst

Ekstra Oral

Fig. 1.7 Annotated panoramic radiograph. 1 Nasal septum, 2 anterior nasal spine, 3 inferior turbinate, 4 middle turbinate, 5 superior turbinate, 6 soft tissue shadow of the nose, 7 airspace between soft tissue shadow of upper border of tongue and hard palate, 8 lateral wall of nasal passage, 9 maxillary sinus (antrum), 10 nasolacrimal canal orifice, 11 orbit, 12 infraorbital canal, 13 zygomatic process of the maxilla, 14 pterygomaxillary fissure, 15 maxillary tuberosity with developing third permanent molar tooth, 16 zygoma, 17 zygomatico-temporal structure, 18 articular eminence of temporal bone, 19 mandibular condyle, 20 external auditory meatus, 21 first cervical vertebra (atlas), 22 second cervical vertebra (axis), 23 third cervical vertebra, 24 fourth cervical vertebra, 25 mandibular foramen and lingula, 26 mandibular canal, 27 mental foramen, 28 inferior border of mandible, 29 hyoid, 30 pharyngeal airspace, 31 epiglottis, 32 coronoid process of mandible, 33 inferior orbital rim, 34 mastoid process, 35 middle cranial fossa, 36 biteblock for patient positioning during panoramic radiography, 37 chin holder, 38 shadow of cervical spine, 39 ethmoid sinus, 40 angle of mandible, 41 crypt of developing mandibular third permanent molar tooth, 42 developing mandibular second premolar tooth, 43 primary second molar tooth showing physiological root resorption, 44 maxillary permanent central incisor tooth, 45 maxillary permanent lateral incisor tooth, 46 maxillary permanent canine tooth, 47 maxillary first premolar tooth, 48 maxillary permanent first molar tooth, 49 ramus of mandible, 50 pterygoid plates

Cyst Dentigerous

Mental Canal (Duplicated)

Neurilemmoma within the mandibular canal. The canal is greatly expanded by this homogeneously radiolucent benign neoplasm

Leiomyosarcoma (malignant neoplasm of smooth muscle), epicentered on the mandibular canal, with destruction of the canals cortical outlines

Cementoblastoma of the mandibular first molar tooth displacing the roots of the second premolar and permanen second molar teeth.

Myeloma. The lesion has destroyed the cortices of the mandibular canal and also resulted in a pathological fracture of the jaw

Fibrous dysplasia: cropped panoramic radiograph showing mature (late) lesion of the left maxilla, obscuring the sinus. The lesion is radio-opaque with some radiolucent mottling. It has a ground (frosted) glass appearance.

Fracture

Calcified atheroma at bifurcation of the left carotid artery.

Osteoporosis

irregular radiolucency below the mandibular notch (tuberculous osteomyelitis)

Breast cancer metastasis to left mandibular body. Note motheaten appearance of the lesion and an associated pathological fracture (metastatic carcinoma)

Daftar Pustaka
Langland, Olaf E. 1989. Panoramic Radiology, Second

Edition. Philadelphia : Lea and Febiger. Whaites, Eric. 1997. Essentials of Dental Radiography and Radiology, Reprinted Second Edition. New York : Churchill Livingstone. Bontrager, Kenneth L. 2001. Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy. Fifth Edition. Saint Louis : Mosby. Pasler, Priedrich A. 2005. Color Atlas of Dental Medicine Radiology. Thieme Carver, Elizabeth dan Barry Carver. 2006. Medical Imaging, Techniques, Reflection and Evaluation. New York : Churchill Livingstone.

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