CHETANAS BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

SUBJECT: PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT TOPIC: ERGONOMICS

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: PROF.SONAL NEHETE

OUTLINE
DEFINITON AND ITS MEANING USE OF ERGONOMICS RELATION BETWEEN ERGONOMICS AND WORK STUDY WITH THE HELP OF CASE STUDY FACTORS OF CONSIDERATION HUMAN ACTIVITY ANALYSIS ERGONOMICS IN COMPUTERS

What is Ergonomics?
Ergonomics is the scientific study of human work.

Ergonomic principals adapt work to a specific person by designing tasks & tools or equipment to fit the individual to prevent injuries to the musculoskeletal system.

DEFINITION AND MEANING

The word Ergonomics owes its origin to two Greek words; ERGOS meaning WORK and NOMOS meaning Study The ILO1 definition is:- Ergonomics is the application of the human biological sciences in conjunction with engineering sciences to the worker and his working environment, so as to obtain maximum satisfaction for the worker and at the same time enhance productivity.

 Reduction of work-related injuries Increased worker productivity pivot Increased work quality Reduced absenteeism Increased morale
Ergonomics provides a win-win situation..on and off the job

What are the benefits of ergonomics?

YOU JUST FEEL BETTER!

USE OF ERGONOMICS
Principles of Ergonomics help in improving the labour productivity giving the competitive edge to the organization.

Ergonomics not only helps in creating a better working environment, it also motivates workers as human comfort is given the priority while applying this principle.

THE RELATION BETWEEN ERGONOMICS AND WORK STUDY

The ILO definition is
Work Study is the systematic examination of the methods of carrying out activities so as the ensure the effective use of resources and to set up standards of performance for the activities being carried out

There were complaints of shoulder pains, back, elbow and finger pains by 43% of the employees. The incidence rate of carpal tunnel syndrome was increasing. Several employees had to visit chiropractors. The risk factors were identified as workers' leaning for the mouse and stretching their necks to read the documents while typing.

Workers doing office work had to use mouse extensively. Workers at assembly line had to do considerable manual work while handling materials. Workers also had to lift heavy computer systems to pack them into shipping boxes. OSHA reported increasing cases of upper limb disorders during the period between 1991 and 1996. The hazards were identified by increasing cases of CTD related injuries in 1990s, increase in back injuries and a resulting increase in medical costs.

Workers needed to work while being on their knees and bent over assembling machinery parts. Using hand tools like a wrench was also being used repetitively and with difficult postures for their wrists. At one workstation, employees had to lift a heavy lawn mower deck to attach it to the tractor. They had to kneel while fastening the deck with one hand and also holding ait with their other hand. These tasks were verified as hazardous by OSHA first-aid logs and forms.

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY

These are a set of rules developed by Frank B. Gilbreth. They achieve economy in movements and reduce fatigue. They also help in developing improved methods of working. These principles are divided under three heads: a) Principles Concerning Use Of Human Body. b) Principles Concerning Design Of Workplace. c) Principles Concerning Design Of Tools And Equipment.

Two hands The two should not be idle Motion of the arm

Hands and body motions

Momentum Smooth, continuous & curved motions Ballistic movements

Natural Rhythm Eye Fixation

PRINCIPLES CONCERNING DESIGN OF WORKPLACE

Tools & Materials Tools & Materials &Control Gravity feed bins

Drop Deliveries
Materials &Tools in sequence Visual Perception Arrange the Chair Good Posture

Principles Concerning Design Of Tools & Equipment

 ERGONOMICS COVERS A VERY WIDE AREA STARTING FROM INITIAL CONCEPTUAL DESIGN STAGE TO ULTIMATE PRODUCTION FACILITIES. IT HELPS CREATE BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS BY SUGGESTING: THE BEST WAY OF USING HUMAN BODY. THE BEST WAY OF ARRANGING THE WORKPLACE. THE BEST DESIGN OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.

FACTORS OF CONSIDERATION

Anthropometric Data

Structural Dimensions:

Functional Dimensions

HUMAN ACTIVITY ANALYSIS

MOVEMENTS
HUMAN STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE

SPEED AND ACCURACY

LIFTING
use mechanical assistance Size up the load

If too heavy for one person, get help!

AVOID LIFTING
Dont pull Push

Get twice the power Reduce the risk of injury

LIFTING WITH PROPER POSTURE

GET CLOSE TO THE LOAD

MAINTAIN YOUR CURVES TIGHTEN YOUR STOMACH MUSCLES

LIFT WITH YOUR LEGS

PIVOT DON'T TWIST

Unsafe Lifting Techniques

USE OF COMPUTER IN ERGONOMICS

Monitor Chairs Keyboards Mouse Desks

PHONE PLACEMENT
Should be different for right and left handers
You should not have to twist and reach across your body every time you answer the phone.

Many people need to spend a lot of time on the phone, and must often do other tasks at the same time
This creates a lot of stress for neck and shoulder muscles

Consider a head set if you spend a lot of time on the phone, especially if you do other tasks at the same time

DO WHATS COMFORTABLE FOR YOUR BODY!

Monitor at or below eye level

Wrists straight
Back supported Forearms supported

Forearms and thighs parallel to the floor

Feet flat on the floor