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Activated Sludge Process
Activated Sludge Process
Activated sludge in sewage in presence of oxygen results into: Oxidation of organic matter present. Coagulation and flocculation of suspended and colloidal matter Under the activated sludge Process basically three processes occurs:-
Oxidation The organisms oxidize a portion of organic Matter present in sewage into CO2,water and energy. Organic matter + O2+ Bacteria CO2+ H2O+ NH3 +Energy + other end products
Synthesis
In second phase the other microbes get converted into new bacterial cells using a part of energy released in oxidation
Endogenous Respiration
Finally the new microbial cells begin to consume their own cell tissue to obtain energy for cell maintenance.
Description of Activated sludge processes:Conventional plug flow:- Settled water and recycled activated sludge enter the head end of the aeration tank and are mixed by diffused air or mechanical aeration. During the aeration period adsorption, flocculation and oxidation of organic matter occurs. Modified aeration:- It is similar to conven-tional plug flow except that shorter aeration time and higher F/M ratio are used.
Tapered aeration:- Varying aeration rates are applied over the tank length depending on the oxygen demand. Greater amounts of air are supplied to the head end of the aeration tank, and the amount diminish as the mixed liquor approaches the effluent end.
SLUDGE RETURN
SLUDGE WASTE
Tapered aeration
Step feed aeration Generally three or more parallel channels are used. The settled waste water is introduced at several point in the aeration tank to equalize the F/M ratio, thus lowering peak oxygen demand.
Reactor
SLUDGE WASTE
Extended aeration :It operate in the endogenous respiration phase of the growth curve, which requires a low organic loading and long aeration time.
SLUDGE RETURN
SLUDGE WASTE
Extended Aeration
Raw water
screens
Grit chamber
aeration
chlorination
To Sludge Drying
3)Stationary Phase:In this phase the production of new cells is roughly offset by death and endogenous respiration.
4)Endogenous Phase:In final phase, the cells are unable to obtain food from external sources and result into decrease in biomass concentrations.
Cell Growth
The new cell produced undergoes an auto oxidation which involves the breakdown of organics in cell itself to produce energy for the maintenance of remaining cell mass. Thus, there is continuously a fractional decrease in cell mass with time. dX/dt = X
dX/dt = the growth rate of biomass, mg/L t X = the concentration of biomass, mg/L = the growth rate constant,1/t
Factors effecting the rate of biomass production and food utilization:1) Temperature 2) pH 3) Toxicants
A,T,
Va, X,Se
Xe, Se
Secondary Clarifier
Q, So
RQ, Xr, Se
Qw, Xr, Se
(dX/dt)V = QXo + V [rg- kdX ] QX rg = mXS /(Ks+S) (dX/dt)V = QXo + V[ mXS/(Ks+S) - kdX ] - QX
rg = Growth rate of biomass Kd= Endogenous decay coefficient.
Effluent concentration
X = m(So - S)/K(1+kd)