A Presentation on Fundamentals of Biological Process

OBJECT OF PRESENTATION:
TO present an overview of biological wastewater treatment. TO introduce the important aspects involved in microbial metabolism.
TO introduce the principal organisms responsible for wastewater treatment.

TO discuss the key factors governing biological growth and waste treatment kinetics.
TO illustrate the application of fundamentals and kinetics of biological process.

Objective of biological treatment:

Coagulate and remove the nonsettleable colloidal solids . Stabilize the organic matter. Reduce the organic matter. Remove the nutrients.

Role of Microorganisms:
USED TO CONVERT: Colloidal and Dissolved Carbonaceous Organic Matter

GASES AND CELL TISSUE

MICROBIAL METABOLISM

General nutritional requirements of the microorganism encountered in wastewater Treatment.

Need for molecular oxygen.

Nutritional requirements for Microbial Growth

Source of Energy Carbon for synthesis in form of
Amino Acids Vitamins Purines & pyrimidines

Inorganic nutrients such N, P,S,K,Mg,Ca,Fe,Na,Cl.

CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS

AUTOTROPHIC
PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC

HETEROTROPIC
PHOTOHETEROTROPHIC

Organic carbon
CO2

CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC

CHEMOHETEROTROPHIC

ORGANIC INORGANIC OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION

Bacterial Growth curve in terms of Numbers

Stationary phase LOG NUMBER OF CELLS

Death phase Lag phase

Log Growth curve

TIME

The Lag Phase: Time required for the organisms to acclimate to their new environment and begin to divide.

The log-growth phase:

Cell divide at a rate determined by their Generation time.

The stationary phase: Population remains stationary :growth of new cells is offset by the death of old cells

The log-death phase: Bacteria death rate exceeds the production of new cells

Environmental requirements:

Temperature

Till optimum temperature

Ph level

6.5 TO 7.5

RELATIVE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS STABILIZING ORGANIC WASTE IN A LIQUID ENVIROMENT

Bacteria
Free swimming ciliates suctoria Stalked ciliates

rotifers

sarcodina

Cell Growth

Rg=X
Rg = rate of bacterial growth, mass/unit volume time = specific growth rate, 1/time X = conc. Of microbes, mass/unit volume

Substrate Limited Growth

=ms/(ks+s)

= specific growth rate, 1/time m = max specific growth rate, 1/time S = conc. of growth limiting substrate in solution,mass/unit volume. Ks = half velocity constant. CONTINOUIS
LIMITED

GROWTH IS

Maximum rate m

Specific growth rate,

m/2

Effects of a limiting nutrients on the specific growth rate

ks
Limiting nutrient cons. ,s

Cell Growth and Substrate Utilization

Rg= -Yrsu

rsu=-mXS / Y(ks+S)
Rg = rate of bacterial growth, mass/unit volume time Y = max. yield coefficient, mg/mg.

rsu = Substrate utilization rate.