Experimental investigation of cerium oxide Nano particle fuel additive on the performance, and emission characteristics of Biodiesel and

its blends in C.I. engine

PROJECT WORK PHASE-I Presented by

G . Senthilkumar 2009222038
Under the guidance of

Dr. D.Ganesh
Asst.Professor
Internal Combustion Engineering Division Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Guindy Anna University Chennai-600 025.
Wednesday, May 18, 2011 1

CONTENTS

Objective Work done Effect of Metal Additive Effect of Nano Fuel Additive Fuel Properties Experimental setup Engine specification Work to be done References

OBJECTIVE
The objective of the present work is

To examine the effect of nano metal additive to the Biodiesel and its blends. Metal additive cerium oxide are prepared by suitable method. The performance and emission characteristics with metal additive doped biodiesel and its blend will be compared with the neat diesel fuel.

WORK DONE

Base Line Reading taken Bio diesel preparation

FUEL PROPERTIES
S.No Properties Diesel Jatropha oil Jatropha methyl ester

Specific gravity @20C

0.84

0.9

0.88

2
3

Density(kg/m^3)
Viscosity @40C Cst

840
3

900
35.6

880
4.58

4
5 6 7

Flash point C
Fire point C FFA content (%) Moisture content (%)

75

240
260

165
170 5

9.10 0.5

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
1.Engine 2. Electric Dynamometer 3. Loading device 4. Air box 5. Manometer 6. Fuel tank 7. Burette 8. Three way valve 9. Coupling 10. Pressure transducer 11. Charge amplifier 12. Cathode ray oscilloscope 13. Temperature sensor 14. Temperature display 15. Smoke meter 16. Exhaust gas analyzer 17.Fuel pump 18. Fuel injector
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ENGINE SPECIFICATION
Model Kirloskar TAF-1

Type
Piston type Capacity Bore x stroke Compression ratio Speed

Single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection

Bowl-in -piston 661 cc 87.5mm x 110mm 17.5:1 1500 rpm (Constant)

Rated power
Dynamometer Cooling system Injection timing Injection pressure Ignition

4.4 kW
Electrical type Air cooling 23 bTDC 200 bar Compression ignition

Variation of Brake Specific Fuel Consumption with Brake mean effective pressure
600

Speed=1500 rpm Injection pressure=200 bar Injection Timing=23bTDC

500

Diesel

BSFC (g/kWh)

400

300

200

100

3 BMEP (bar)

Variation of Brake Thermal Efficiency with brake mean effective pressure

35 30 Brake thermal efficiency (%) 25 20 15 10 Diesel
Speed=1500 rpm Injection pressure=200 bar Injection Timing=23bTDC

5
0 0 1 2 3 BMEP(bar) 4 5 6

Variation of Hydrocarbon with brake mean effective pressure

3
Speed=1500 rpm Injection pressure=200 bar Injection Timing=23bTDC

2.5 HC Emissions (g/kWh)

2 Diesel

1.5

0.5

0 0 1 2 3 BMEP(bar) 4 5 6

Variation of Nox with brake mean effective pressure

Speed=1500 rpm Injection pressure=200 bar Injection Timing=23bTDC

30

Oxides of nitrogen (g/kWh)

29

28

27
Diesel

26

25

24 0 1 2 3 BMEP (bar) 4 5 6

Variation of Carbon monoxide with brake mean effective pressure

12
Speed=1500 rpm Injection pressure=200 bar Injection Timing=23bTDC

10

CO (g/kWh)

Diesel

0 0 1 2 3 BMEP (bar) 4 5 6

EFFECT OF METAL ADDITIVE

Metals oxides of transition metals,oxides of non metals and some special type of solid materials can be used as catalyst for burning of carbon deposits. Reduce the formation of black smoke. Additive containing combution catalysts fuel that improve fuel combution.

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EFFECT OF NANO FUEL ADDITIVE

Shortens ignition delay and enhance fuel oxidation by catalytic effect. Enhanced physical properties of fluid such as thermal conductivity, mass diffusivity and radiative heat transfer. Nano additives increases the ignition probability of fuel. Burning of carbon deposits and improve fuel combustion. hence reduced exhaust emission. Increased surface area

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WORK TO BE DONE

B10, B20 and B100 reading has to be taken Cerium oxide nano particle is to be prepared. Nano particle dispersed using capping agent and tested in B10, B20, B100. Free fatty acid and water content of Jatropha oil was found and transesterification process optimized.

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REFERENCES

Himanushu Tyagi, Patrick E,Phelan, Ravi prasher (2009), IncreasedHot-plate Ignition Probability for Nanoparticle Laden DieselFuel,NanoLettersVol.08 pg.no:1410-1416. Husnawan.M, H H Masjuki, TM I Mahlia, S.Mekhilef, M.G Saifullah (2009),Useofpostflamemetal-based and oxygenated additive combination for biodiesel-dieselblends,Journalof Scientific & Industrial Research Vol.68 pg.no:1049-1052. Jindal.S, B.P.Nandawana, N.S.Rathore, V.Vahistha (2010) Experimentalinvestigationoftheeffectofcompressionratioand injection pressure in a direct injection diesel engine running on Jatrophamethylester,AppliedThremalEngineeringvol.,03 pgno.442-448.
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Jindal.S, Bhagwati P.Nandwana, and Narendra .S. Rathore,(2010),Comparativeevaluationofcombustion, performance and emissions of Jatropha Methy Ester and Karanja MethylEsterinaDirectInjectionDieselEngine,Energyand fuels article vol.24, pgno.1565-1572. James Kenneth sanders, Richard Wilson Tock, duck Joo Yang (2009),Nano- sized metal and metal oxide particles for more completefuelcombustion,unitedstatespatent,patentno.US 2009/0000186 A1. keskin.A,M.GuruD.Altiparmak(2010),TheInvestigationof Performance and Emissions characteristics of Tall oil Biodiesel with a Co based Additive, Energy sources Vol 27, pg no 18991907.
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THANK YOU

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