EXCRETION

Excretion in human
Excretion is a process in which living thing remove waste and other unwanted substances from their body Human have three excretory organs: - lungs - skin - kidneys

The Excretory Organ

EXCRETORY EXCRETORY ORGAN PRODUCT Lung Carbon dioxide water Water Mineral salts Urea Water Mineral salts Urea

FORM/METHOD OF EXCRETION Exhalation

Skin

Sweat

Kidney

Urination

Importance of excretion
Disposal/remove toxic or poisonous waste. Eg: urea, carbon dioxide Disposal/remove excess substances. Eg: water and salt

What happen if waste product are not removes?

Persons health will affected - waste product will harmful and toxic or even poisonous to our cells examples: i) dissolved carbon dioxide in the blood lowers its pH and causes it to be acidic ii) excess mineral salt causes blood to be more concentrated.

The human urinary system The urinary system consist of:

- a pair (two) of kidneys - a pair (two) of ureters - urinary bladder - urethra Blood is carries to each kidney by the renal artery (aorta) and away from it by the renal vein (vena cava)

Structure of human urinary system

Part of urinary system

Ureter carry the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder Urinary bladder stores urine and gradually expands like a balloon Urethra channel to expelled urine

The Kidney

Dark red Broad bean-shape organ Located at the back of the abdomen, just below the diaphragm

Part of kidney
Cortex - lighter outer region Medulla - darker inner region - filled with cone-shaped tissues called pyramids Pelvis - central cavity * Ureter is a tube that connects the pelvis to bladder

Function of Kidney
Filter blood which contain both - useful substance - waste product Balance amount of water and minerals content in our body Control the amount of minerals salts in body fluid Maintain the pH of blood and tissues fluid

Importance of Maintaining Healthy kidney

We should keep our kidneys healthy to avoid kidney disease and kidney failure Ways to maintain healthy kidneys include: - taking urine and blood test - limiting salt and protein intake - maintain blood sugar control for diabetics - drinking a lot of water - learn the symptoms of kidney disease

Living in Kidney Failure may due to: Kidney failure

- bacterial infection - injury - high blood pressure - high blood sugar level Two ways to treat kidney failure: - dialysis machine/kidney machine ( remove urea and excess salt from patient blood) - kidney transplant ( kidney from a suitable donor can be transplanted into the patient

Dialysis machine

Blood is withdrawn from artery (from arm or leg) The blood will flow from the artery into the tube The tube immersed into the bath of salt solution (like plasma) A tube in dialysis machine works like a visking tube (have pores through which waste products pass from the blood into the salt solution) In this way, the blood gets purified The purified blood then flow back into the vein The used salt solution (with urea and excess salt will discarded

Excretion in plant
Plant also produce excretory product The excretory products of plant during cell respiration are carbon dioxide and water The excretory product of plant during photosynthesis is oxygen Other excretory product of plant include mineral salts and nitrogenous waste Some other complex waste products of plants include latex, resins and gum Plant have various ways of removing their excretory product