CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS

DENT 657

ANALYSIS UTILIZING THE CEPHALOMETRIC TRACING

1) Describe the subjects dento-facial morphology 2) Quantitative description of morphological deviations 3) Make diagnostic and treatment planing decisions 2) Evaluate change over time - treatment induced and growth process

Morphological Description
Skeletal

- horizontal and vertical Dental - horizontal and vertical Comparing individual subjects tracing to the ideal Reference sample
Cross-sectional Longitudinal - growth studies eg. Bolton-Brush, Ann Arbor and Burlington

Cephalometric Analyses
Downs Steiners Tweeds

McNamaras
OSU

Cephalometric Evaluation
Identification

of anatomic landmarks Landmarks: stable reference structures and maxillary and mandibular skeletal and dental Graphically relating the dento-facial elements to these reference structures Angular and or linear measurements

METHODS OF CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Two

basic approaches Metric approach - use of selected linear and angular measures Graphic approach - overlay of individuals tracing on a reference template and visual inspection of degree of variation

Metric Method - Use of selected

linear and angular measures

Graphic Method - Use of a

Composite Template

GOALS OF CEPHALOMETRIC ANLYSIS

Evaluating

relationships, both horizontal and vertical of 5 major functional components of the face: the cranial base; the maxilla; the mandible, the maxillary and mandibular dentoalveolus

REFERENCE LINES
Frankforts

Horizontal (porion to

orbitale) Sella - Nasion line True horizontal plane True vertical plane

Reference Lines

sella

nasion

porion

orbitale

SNA 82 2 deg NA TO FH 90 3 deg

SKELETAL HORIZONTAL MAXILLA

s
FH

SNB 80 2 deg N-PG TO FH 88 6 deg

SKELETAL HORIZONTAL MANDIBLE

s
FH

b Pg

ANB 2 2 deg

SKELETAL HORIZONTAL MAXILLA TO MANDIBLE

A
B

FH TO GOGN 22 5 deg

Y AXIS 59 6 deg
LFH 55% OF TFH

SKELETAL VERTICAL

S FH

GO

ME

GN

INTERINCISAL 130 5 deg

DENTAL - UPPER TO LOWER INCISOR

U1 TO FH 110 5 deg

U1 TO NA 22deg
U1 TO NA 4mm

DENTAL - MAXILLARY INCISOR

N
FH A

L1 TO NB 25deg L1 TO NB 4mm L1 TO GOGN 91 6deg

DENTAL - MANDIBULAR ANTERIOR

GO

GN

NASOLABIAL ANGLE 102 8 deg L.LIP TO E PLANE -2 2mm

SOFT TISSUE

Limitations of the Metric Method

Stable

reference structures are only relatively stable Validity of landmarks Error in landmark identification

Graphic Method
Template Changes

between 2 time points

Superimposition Method - on the

cranial base

Maxillary and mandibular superimposition

Limitations of Cephalometric Analysis

Individual

variability Ethnic variability Gender variability