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NTPC Badarpur Training
NTPC Badarpur Training
NTPC BADARPUR
4/11/12
Table of Contents
1) Brief Introduction of NTPC Badarpur 2) Operation Coal to Electricity 3) EMD I a) Offsite b) HT/LT Switchgear c) HT/LT Motors d) Coal Handling Plant (CHP/NCHP) 4) EMD II
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NTPC Badarpur
NTPC Ltd is largest power generating public sector
company in India with total installed capacity of 34,854 MW. in 1973 with 100 MW generation.
The first unit at NTPC, Badarpur came into existence Total Generating Capacity of the plant: 705 MW It consists of three units of 95 MW capacity and two
95 MW 95 MW 210 MW 210 MW
TRANSFORME R
Coal to Electricity
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1. Supply of coal 2. Pulverization 3. Steam generation in Boiler 4. Removal of fly ash in Precipitator 5. Steam rotates Turbine, Generator produces
Electricity
6. Condensation and the Cooling Water System 7. Water Treatment Plant: Water Purification 8. Ash Systems 9. Substation, Transformer, Transmission Lines 4/11/12
Idealized cycle for Steam Turbines. Rankine cycle consists of 1-2 Reversible Adiabatic. Water from
Rankine Cycle
the condenser at low pressure is pumped into the boiler at high pressure.
2-5 Water is converted into steam at
EMD I
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Protection includes Relays of the following type (along with fuses of rating 250 A) :
Digital Earth Fault Relay Instantaneous Under Voltage Relay Neutral Displacement Relay Overload Relay
Earthing protects the system at the start of the motor when fuse fails to operate
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4/11/12 A Schematic
Objectives
No scale formation causing resistance to passage of
medium 4/11/12
HT/LT Switchgear
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The term Switchgear, used in association with the electric power system, or grid, refers to the combination of electrical disconnects, fuses or circuit breakers used to isolate electrical equipment. Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment and to clear faults. Functional Classification
1) Isolators (Disconnectors) and Earthing Switches 2) Fuses
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3) Circuit Breakers(CB) Oil Circuit Breakers Gas (SF6) Circuit Breakers Vacuum Circuit Breakers Air blast Circuit Breakers High voltage switchgear is any switchgear and switchgear assembly of rated voltage higher than 1000 volts for alternating current and 1500 volts for direct current.
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DOL Starters
MCC group of starters A motor starter is an electrical/electronic circuit composed of electro-mechanical and electronic devices which are employed to start an electric motor. A DOL starter connects the motor terminals directly to the power supply. Hence, the motor is subjected to the full voltage of the power supply. Consequently, high starting current flows through the motor.
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Major Components 1. Switch 2. Fuse 3. Contactor (Electromagnetic) 4. Thermal Overload Relay (Heat & Temperature) The Direct on Line (DOL) Starter is used because for star-delta starter more number of relays, contactors etc are required for each phase.
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HT/LT Motors
An electric motor uses electrical energy to produce mechanical energy. The reverse process of using mechanical energy to produce electrical energy is accomplished by a generator or dynamo. There are varieties of Motors and according to their application they are classified as High Tension and Low Tension. Most of the motors at BTPS are Induction Motor (double squirrel cage).
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Benefits :
At Starting, Rotor resistance is high but while
running it is low.
Minor damages, matching of bearing, rewinding of motors and testing is done in the workshop at the plant itself to save time as well as money in special workshops meant for this purpose.
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HT Motors at Boiler side, of Motors Rating BTPS Number MOTOR 2 2 FD Fans Motors 2 PA Fans Motors 2 Mill Fans Motors 2 Ball Mill Motors LT Motors at Boiler side, BTPS
ID Fans Motors Place of Use of Motors Raw Coal Feeder Pulverization Tunicate Warm Conveyer 4/11/12 Number of Motors 3 14 4 1 7.5KW/410V 3KW 2.2KW 11KW 630KW/6.6KV 440KW/6.6KV 300KW 300KW 630KW Rating
CHP/NCHP
Coal is supplied to BTPS by Jharia coal fields. It is non-cooking coal and has following specifications: Moisture less than 8% Ash 25 - 35% Volatile matter 17 19% Calorific value 4500 5300 Kcal/kg The function of the CHP/NCHP is to convert the coal to usable (crushed) form from its raw form and send it to bunkers for further sending it to furnace after the impurities are removed.
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from coal yard come to the tipplers and are emptied here process is performed by slip-ring motor of rating
The
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Conveyer
There are 14 conveyers in the plant. They are 1m wide,3cm thick and made
of chemically treated vulcanized rubber and move with speed of 250-300m/min. capacity of 150 hp.
develops any problem then the process is not stalled. to stop belt in case of emergency. device for motors i.e. moving and motor is on checks the speed of switches off the motor zero.
It also has a switch after every 25-30 m ZERO SPEED SWITCH- It is a safety
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if belt is not then the switch the belt and when speed is
Coal Crusher
To ensure that the coal
any metal pieces from the coal. place before the coal is being sent through the conveyer belt for crushing. device is around 50kg.
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400HP, 606KV.
It is designed to crush
Pulverizati on
Pulverization takes
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It becomes easy to burn wide variety of coal. Powdered coal has more heating surface area. High rates of combustion. Rate of combustion can be adjusted to meet
Advantages of Pulverization
varying loads.
High temperature can be produced in the furnace.
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contains large amount of ash varying from 5% to 40% . BTPS about 5000 tons of ash is produced daily. Of this 25% is furnace bottom ash and rest is fly ash. but fly ash is acidic due to SO2 in the flue gas.
At
EMD II
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Lighting System
Function - to make light available in the plant every time, everywhere to enhance the visibility and thus assure for security of the employees. The Lighting System is divided into three types:
1. General Lighting System (GLS) 2. Middle Boom (7m above the ground) 3. High Volt (36m above the ground)
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2. Surface Wiring wiring done on the surface 3. Temporary Wiring wiring done on temporary
basis without permanent connections. Supply mainly through 24V transformer at places like inside the Boilers.
A metal piece, generally copper, is buried inside the Earth about 3m below for normal Earthing. A whole is dig and is then filled by mixture of charcoal and salt, water is put regularly in it to maintain the conductivity of the soil. Earthing can be done in four ways:
Plate Earthing: half inch thick plate is used. Pipe Earthing: 3 inch pipe bored to 4 inch pit. Chemical Earthing Mesh Earthing: mainly used in Switchyards.
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DC Supply System
Battery backed DC power supply is required in power plants for those critical applications which include high level of security. For Power plant application, there are two main types of Station batteries namely Lead acid and Nickel-Cadmium. The latter type has a longer life, are more robust, have higher Energy/Weight ratio. However, these are much costlier. Thus Lead acid batteries are mostly
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The DC Supply requirement can be classified in two categories depending upon the type of load:
For
emergency auxiliaries, which are not in operation while the unit is running but have to be switch on in case of AC supply failure. The requirement of DC lubricating oil, seal oil pump along with DC emergency lighting can be classified in this category.
control and protection supply for switchgear, indication, communication system are under this category. The common used voltage levels are 4/11/12 220V for motors, control and protection schemes
Generators
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magnetic induction. It has two main components, the rotor and the stator. high heat carrying capacity at low density. There is an oil sealed system to prevent mixing of Hydrogen and Oxygen. through hollow conductors.
The Stator cooling is done by Demineralized water A Boiler and a Turbine is coupled to the Generator.
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Steam from the boiler is fed to the turbine which drives its rotor.
commonly called Turbo generators. The generators particular to this category are of the two- and four-pole design employing round-rotors. Hz generators are used of capacities 210 MW and 95 MW.
generator. 1. Lubricating Oil System 2. Hydrogen Cooling System 3. 4/11/12 Seal Oil System
The lube-oil system provides oil for all of the turbine and generator bearings as well as being the source of seal oil for the seal-oil system.
Lubricating Oil System Layout
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Cooling tubes with fins are used to enlarge the Clarified Water is pumped through the tubes to
take the heat away from the hydrogen gas and outside the generator.
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Transformers
A transformer is a static electrical device, involving no continuously moving parts, used in electric power systems to transfer power between circuits through the use of electromagnetic induction. In Badarpur Thermal Power Station, we deal with power transformer applications. The term power transformer is used to refer to those transformers used between the generators and the distribution circuits, and these are usually rated at 220 kVA and above. Power transformers are available for step-up operation, primarily used at the generator and referred to as generator step-up (GSU)transformers
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Heat and contamination are the two greatest enemies to the transformers operation.
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Transformer.
requirements.
KVA Rating : At Badarpur, it is 125MVA for Stage III. Voltage Rating : It is 229KV on HV side and 10.5KV on
Rise : The temperature rise is the allowable temperature change from ambient that the transformer can undergo without incurring damage. Temperature Rise for oil = 45 degree C and for Winding 4/11/12 = 60 degree C.
order in which the three phases will reach their peak voltages, and also the angular displacement (rotation) between the primary and secondary. when moving or untanking the transformer. Weight of oil = 43065 kg and of Core & winding = 101000 kg.
important 4/11/12
220KV Switchyard
A Switchyard can said to be a combination of switches which are controlled from the Main Control Board. At Badarpur there is 3 Bus system out of which only two work at a time. Main components of Switchyard are :
Isolators Circuit-breakers Earth switches Wave-trap Lightening Arrestor
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then isolator, while closing a circuit isolator is closed first, then circuit breaker. order to ensure isolation of the circuit breaker from live parts for the maintenance purpose.
Circuit Breaker
q
It is one which can break or make the circuit on load and even on faults.
Wave-trap
q Used to exclude unwanted frequency components,
Current Transformer
q Step-down heavy currents (primary) to 1 or 5 A
(secondary) .
4/11/12 Potential
transformer/Capacitive
Voltage
Lightening Arrester
q Simple conductive terminals
Breaking Capacity
2000A
property
q Short arching time q High dielectric
strength of SF6
q Noiseless operation q Non-inflammable SF6 q Low maintenance cost
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Gain
Enhancement in technical knowledge, Best part
was to know that even Lighting Unit is a separate important part of a Power Plant . controlled in a systematic way.
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THANK YOU
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