Seminar on

3G

Team Members:
Amit Srivastava Ashish Awasthi Kushal Chakraborty Praroop Khare

Basics: Structure
Multiple Access

Downlink Handoff Uplink Mobile Station Distributed transceivers Cells Different Frequencies or Codes Base Station Fixed transceiver

Cellular Technology Evolution

0G: Mobile radio telephones (PTT, MTS) 1G: Analog 2G/3G and beyond - digital:
GSM Family
GSM GPRS cdmaOne/IS-95

cdmaOne/CDMA2000 Family

2G EDGE HSCSD 3G WCDMA (UMTS) HSPA CDMA2000 EV-DO

Why 3G?
Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications!! For the consumer Video streaming, TV broadcast Video calls, video clips news, music, sports Enhanced gaming, chat, location services For business High speed teleworking / VPN access Sales force automation Video conferencing Real-time financial information

History
1G: Our journey begins in the early 1980s with the introduction of several groundbreaking network technologies: AMPS in the US and a combination of TACS and NMT in Europe. These were purely analog systems that were conceived and designed for voice calls and very little else Analog cellular connections were susceptible to far more noise than conventional landlines, transfer speeds were ridiculously slow.

2G:GSM got off to an early start in Europe, while D-AMPS and an early version of Qualcomm's CDMA known as IS-95 took hold in the US.
It meant that you could transfer data

faster -- up to 14.4kbps, in fact, which made it about as fast as an early- to mid-nineties landline modem. 2G standards didn't have intrinsic, tightly-coupled support for data services woven into them. Many such networks supported text messaging, though, so that was a start -- and they also supported something called CSD, circuit-switched data.

The following is a brief description of each protocol layer in a 3G wireless network infrastructure:
Global Mobility Management (GMM): protocol that includes attach, detach, security and routing area update functionality. Node B Application Part (NBAP): provides procedures for paging distribution broadcastsystem information and management of dedicated and logical resources.

Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP): maps higher level characteristics onto the characteristics of the underlying radio-interface protocols. PDCP also provides protocol transparency for higher layer protocols. Radio Link Control (RLC): provides a logical link control over the radio interface.
Medium Access Control (MAC): controls the access signaling (request and grant)procedures for the radio channel.

Radio resource Control (RRC): manages the allocation and maintenance of radio communication paths.
Radio Access Network Application Protocol (RANAP): encapsulates higher layer signaling. Manages the signaling and GTP connections between RNC and 3G-SGSN, and signaling and circuit-switched connections between RNC and 3G MSC. Radio Network Service Application Part (RNSAP): provides the communication between RNCs. GPRS Tunnel Protocol (GTP): protocol that tunnels the protocol data units through the IP backbone by adding routing information. GTP operates on top of TCP/UDP over IP. Mobile Application Part (MAP): supports signaling between SGSN/GGSN andHLR/AuC/EIR.

Evolution of Mobile Systems to 3G: Drivers are capacity, data speeds, lower cost of delivery for revenue growth Expected market share TDMA
EDGE
EDGE Evolution

GSM
PDC

GPRS

3GPP Core Network

90%
HSDPA

WCDMA

cdmaOne

CDMA2000 1x
First Step into 3G

CDMA2000 1x EV/DV CDMA2000 1x EV/DO

3G phase 1 Evolved 3G

10%

2G

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Features
Data rates:
TU has not provided a clear definition of the data rate users can expect from 3G equipment or providers. Thus users sold 3G service may not be able to point to a standard and say that the rates it specifies are not being met.

Security:
3G networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended one and not an impersonator. 3G networks use the KASUMI block cipherinstead of the older A5/1 stream cipher.

The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, created and revised by the 3GPP. The family is a full revision from GSM in terms of encoding methods and hardware, although some GSM sites can be retrofitted to broadcast in the UMTS/W-CDMA format.W-CDMA is the most common deployment, commonly operated on the 2100 MHz band. A few others use the 900 and 1850 MHz bands. HSPA is a revision and upgrade to W-CDMA UMTS, used by AT&T Wireless, Telstra and Telecom NZ, typically broadcasting on the 850 MHz band. HSPA requires updates to the HSPA+ a revision and upgrade of HSPA, can provide peak data rates up to 56 Mbit/s in the downlink in theory (28 Mbit/s in existing services) and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink. It utilises multiple base stations to potentially double the channels available utilising MIMO principles.

Applications of 3G
The bandwidth and location information available to 3G devices gives rise to applications not previously available to mobile phone users. Some of the applications are: Mobile TV Video on demand Videoconferencing Telemedicine Location-based services

3.5G
3.5G or HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is an enhanced version and the next intermediate generation of 3G UMTS. It comprises the technologies that improve the Air Interface and increase the spectral efficiency, to support data rates of the order of 30 Mbps. 3.5G introduces many new features that will enhance the UMTS technology in future. 1xEV-DV already supports most of the features that will be provided in 3.5G. These include:

Adaptive Modulation and Coding

Fast Scheduling Backward compatibility with 3G Enhanced Air interface

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4G: Anytime, Anywhere Connection

Also known as Mobile Broadband everywhere MAGIC Mobile Multimedia Communication Anywhere, Anytime with Anyone Global Mobility Support Integrated Wireless Solution Customized Personal Service According to 4G Mobile Forum, by 2008 over $400 billion would be invested in 4G mobile projects. In India, communication Minister Mr. Dayanidhi Maran, has announced a national centre of excellence to work in 4G arena.

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4G: Data rate Facts

Transmission at 20 Mbps 2000 times faster than mobile data rates 10 times faster than top transmission rates planned in final build out of 3G broadband mobile 10-20 times faster than standard ADSL services. Companies developing 4G technology Cellular phone companies: Alcatel, Nortel, Motorola, IT Companies: Hughes,HP,LG Electronics

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
En.Wikipedia.co.in

THANKS