GARGI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,BHOPAL

DEPARTEMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

GARGI INSTIUTTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTEMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

A Presentation on

VLSI TECHNOLOGY

Er.BHUPENDRA DUBEY INCHARGE OF E.C Dept.

SUBMITTED TO:-

ABHINAV AGRAHARI BRAJESH KUMAR NIKHIL RAWAT

PRESENTED BY:-

CONTENTS
Introduction What is VLSI Why VLSI History Moors Law Integration Law Trends What Kinds Of Device/St Chips VLSI Design Steps In Design EDA Tools Conclusions Applications Advantages References

Introduction
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating

integrated circuits by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when complex semiconductor and communication technologies were being developed. The microprocessor is a VLSI device. The turn no longer as common as it once was, as chips have increased in complexity into billions of transistors.

WHAT IS VLSI ?
What is VLSI? Very Large Scale Integration Defines integration level 1980s hold-over from outdated taxonomy for integration levels

Obviously influenced from frequency bands, i.e. HF, VHF, UHF

Sources disagree on what is measured (gates or transistors?)

WHY VLSI ?
Integration improves the design Lower parasitic = higher speed Lower power consumption Physically smaller Integration reduces manufacturing cost -

(almost) no manual assembly

Ic evolution

SSI Small Scale Integration (early 1970s)(0-102)

contained 1 10 logic gates MSI Medium Scale Integration(102-103) logic functions, counters LSI Large Scale Integration(103-105) first microprocessors on the chip VLSI Very Large Scale Integration(105-107) now offers 64-bit microprocessors, complete with cache memory (L1 and often L2), floating-point arithmetic unit(s), etc.

MOORS LAW

Gordon Moore: co-founder of Intel Predicted that the number of transistors per chip

would grow exponentially (double every 18 months) Exponential improvement in technology is a natural trend:

Gordon Moore Intel Co-Founder and Chairmain Emeritus

Image source: Intel Corporation www.intel.com

INTEGRATION LAW OF TRENDS

CHIPS
Integrated circuits consist of: A small square or rectangular die, < 1mm thick
Small die: 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm => 2.25 mm2 Large die: 15 mm x 15 mm => 225 mm2

Larger die sizes mean:

More logic, memory Less volume Less yield

Dies

are made from silicon (substrate)

Substrate provides mechanical support and electrical common point

VLSI DESIGNS
Manual layout design is obviously not practical Design complexity: Manually drawing layout for a billion transistors would take too long Even if we could

How to verify (test) designs for functionality, speed, power, etc.?

Complexity scales faster than actual design

How to reuse designs? How to create human-readable designs? How to speed-up design process?

These problems form a great deal of work Electronic Design Automation (EDA) a.k.a. CAD Advancing EDA technology, physical fabrication

technology, advanced designs, and IP form bulk of

EDA TOOLS

DESIGN FLOW
My Design Flow
Circuit Sim Digital cell library design Cadence IC-Tools Cadence IC-Tools Abstract Generation Cadence AbGen Characterization Cadence SignalStorm
char. info process info, cell abstracts

Design Specification Behavioral VHDL Design Mentor HDL Designer

VHDL

Standard Cell Library Synthesis Synopsys Design Analyzer

Verilog

Place-and-Route Cadence First Encounter Interconnect Timing Simulation Mentor ModelSim

Behavioral Simulation Mentor ModelSim

Cell Timing Simulation Mentor ModelSim

CONCLUSIONS
Conclusion:

This course is about using design tools to manage design complexity of VLSI systems Only way to learn tools: practice and work with tools individually Must teach IC fundamentals, but prevent course from becoming semiconductor theory, analog electronics, circuits, or digital logic course

Target large-scale integration and EDA Reach good balance between fundamental IC theory and automated large-scale design methodology

80-90% of course time will be spent in lab

Tutorials will provide basic knowledge Must learn the tools on your own (assisted by instructor)

APLLICATION
VLSI is an implementation technology for electronic circuitry

- analogue or digital It is concerned with forming a pattern of interconnected switches and gates on the surface of a crystal of semiconductor Microprocessors personal computers microcontrollers Memory - DRAM / SRAM Special Purpose Processors - ASICS (CD players, DSP applications) Optical Switches Has made highly sophisticated control systems massproducable and therefore cheap

ADVANTAGES
Greater Functionality Embedded Characteristics Lower System Cost Reduced Time to Market

DISADVANTAGES
Placement Issues Placement Issues Timing Issues Consistency Issues Development Tools

THANKS
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