Supporting Bottom-up Innovation: Case of Biofuel

Development in Indonesia
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4/16/12

Yuti Ariani Fatimah and Sonny Yuliar Workshop on the Role of Universities and Councils in Innovation for Inclusive Development in Southeast Asia Bangkok, 1-3 April 2012

Outline

Overview of the projects RoKS Lessons learned After RoKS (Biofuel) Scientists in the Society Bottom-up Innovation Biofuel project findings Discussion: Supporting Bottom-up

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Overview of the projects

Inequality and Knowledge System: Challenges to Developmental Universities in Indonesia for Research on Knowledge System, IDRC Research Competition 2005-2006 Towards Inclusive Biofuel Innovation in Indonesia, IDRC 2010-2012

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RoKS Project Activities: Multi-site, Multi-case

Ministry of HE Legislation on Univ. Autonomy
Parliament Natl. Res. Council

Research Agenda

Ministry of R&T

Policy System
Co-Shaping ITB (Autonomous University) Structural Transformation

Knowledge System
Stakeholders

Biofuel Development

Research Programs

Rural ICT
Local Coomunity

Defence related Innovation

Private Partners

Lapindo Mud Volcano Conflict

Stakeholders

UGM (Autonomo us University)

Structural Transformation

Research Programs Satyawaca na (Private University)

Structural Transformation

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Lessons Learned
On University Autonomy Policy:

Different views on HE democratization process resembles the debate between procedural and substantive views Democratic ideals seem relevant to developmental knowledge system
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 Lessons
On Knowledge System:

Non-formal settings (non-formal interaction between scientists, politicians, government agencies, local communities, industry managers, etc.) offer greater opportunity for knowledge system creation Formal setting lacks mediating agencies

E.g., discussions within the National Research Council (the ministry of R &T) lacks of common vocabulary

Social capitals resulting from non-formal interactions serve as an important source for instituting knowledge

Contents of knowledge, by themselves, do not warrant 4/16/12

After RoKS

Policy for expanding the role of ITB in national innovation system (2010 2011) a book & a policy document Discussion on University Led Development (2010 - ) Research project & book writing on research and innovation policy 4/16/12

(Biofuel) Scientists in the Society

A Central approach Top-down B C Type of relation Dependent among actors Network; starting Bottom-up from existing interest Interdependent Hybrid; combination between dependent and interdependent B C

Network graph A

(Source: Fatimah & Yuliar, 2009) Occupation 4/16/12 Lecture Lecture Entrepreneur

Bottom-up Innovation

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Biofuel Project Findings

opportunity for BoP groups (i.e., low income farmers, rural housewives, other informal practitioners) informal interactions open new opportunities in most cases, biofuel markets have not taken place durably weak interactions among supply-side and demand-side actors despite intensive learning on technical improvements and business models, values have not yet materialized while learning by interacting is key to innovation, there is a question of actors coverage selective inclusion issue supply-side and demand-side actors need to interact more closely, in earlier phase of technical development
Demand-side actors include intermediate and end consumers, especially low income consumers

BoP groups need to be represented in price negotiation and techniques selection informal interactions need a durable framework

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Discussion: Supporting Bottomup Innovation

Bricolage versus breakthrough (Garud & Karne, 2003) Protection versus exclusion Scaling up

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Thank you for your kind attention!

Yuti Ariani yuti.ariani@gmail.com Sonny Yuliar sonnyyuliar@yahoo.com

Development Studies Graduate Program

4/16/12 School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development