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Human Breathing Mechanism ii. Transport of Oxygen in the Human Body Click to edit Master subtitle style iii. The Importance of a Healthy Respiratory System
i.

CHAPTER 1 : RESPIRATION

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What do you really understand about respiration?

Works closely with circulatory system, exchanging gases between air and blood:

Takes up oxygen from air and supplies it to blood (for cellular respiration). and disposal of carbon dioxide from blood (waste product from cellular respiration).

Removal

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1.1

Human breathing mechanism

The structure of the human respirato ry system

OrganS in human respiratory system

STRUCTURE Nasal cavity Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles Lung FUNCTIONS
Space where air passes through q As air passes through nasal cavity, it is warmed & moistened. Dust is trapped by the hairs.
q

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The wall of trachea contains C-shaped rings of cartilage which give it support and prevent it from collapsing during inhalation. Tube that leads into the lungs and divides into smaller tubes called bronchioles. Small branches inside the lungs. At the end of these tubes are the alveoli (tiny air sacs). Are made up of alveoli, bronchioles and blood capillaries. q Are located in a space called the thoracic cavity. q Are protected by the rib cages which consists of ribs and intercostal muscles.
q

Ribs Intercostal muscles Diaphragm

Bones that form the rib cage to protect the lungs. Muscles found in between the ribs.

A sheet of muscles which separates the thorax from the

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The structure of the lung

Blood capilla ries aroun

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Adaptation of the alveoli for efficient gas exchange

1.

Large surface area

v

The lungs have millions of alveoli to provide a large surface area for gas exchange.

2.

Very thin walls

v

The wall of each alveolus is one-cell thick to provide a very short distance for the diffusion of gases.

3.

Moist inner surface

v

The inner surface of each alveolus is moist so that oxygen can dissolve in the moisture before diffusing across the alveolar wall.

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Detailed structure of alveolus

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Breathing mechanism

Our body uses oxygen, and gives off carbon dioxide and water vapour during respiration.
(stopper) ( Y-shaped glass tube)

(Bell jar)

Figures above shows the Models of the human respiratory system.

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What is doneChanges in the balloons Rubber Inflated sheet pulled down

Pressure inside the bell jar decreases

Material/appar Glass Y-tube Balloon Rubber Rubber atus jardeflated s increases sheet sheet Respiratory Thoraci Respirato Lungs Diaphragm pushed up system c ry tract/ cavity/ bronchus thorax

The breathing mechanism involves the breathing in (inhalation) & breathing out 9exhalation) processes.

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