Entrepreneurship may be defined as:

A continuous process of economic development.

An

ingredient to economic development.

Essentially a creative activity or an innovative function. A risk taking factor which is responsible for an end result. Usually understood with reference to individual business. Generates Self-employment and additional employment.

 He is a person who develops and owns his own enterprise. He is a moderate risk taker and works under uncertainty for achieving the goal.

He is innovative.
Exhibits sense of leadership & competitiveness.

Convert a situation into opportunity.

characteristics of a unique entrepreneur are:

- Need for achievement - Strong determination

- Independence
- Propensity to take risk - Personal modernity - Leadership

Karsanbhai Khodidas Patel is an Indian industrialist and founder of the Nirma group. He is also the founder of Nirma Institute of Technology, Ahmadabad, Gujarat. Dr. Karsanbhai Patel is a well known businessman, industrialist and philanthropist from Gujarat, India. He started Nirma in 1969 as a one-man operation, which today has 14000 employees and a turnover of Rs. 2500 crores. He has also contributed to the education in Gujarat by establishing the Nirma University of Science & Technology.

Karsanbhai

Patel is the man behind the hugely successful brand, Nirma. He is a legendary rags to riches journey during which he shattered established business theories and rewrote new ones. Dr. Karsanbhai Patel is a well known businessman, industrialist and founder of the Rs. 2500 crore (USD 500 mn) Nirma group with major interests in detergents, soaps and cosmetics. In 2005 Forbes listed his net worth as USD $640 million. He has interests in education, and founded a leading engineering college, the Nirma Institute of Technology. He is sometimes referred to as Dr. K.K. Patel. In present scenario, an inspiring 59-year-old persona, Dr. Karsanbhai K. Patel, leads Nirma, playing role of key strategic decision-maker, whereas his next generation has already skilled management capabilities. The man behind the success of Nirma phenomenon Dr. Karsanbhai Patel is a recipient of various awards and accolades.

Karsanbhai born into a farmer family in 1944 in north Gujarat. He finished his B.Sc. in Chemistry at age 21 and worked as a lab technician, first in the New Cotton Mills, Ahmadabad, of the Lalbhai group and then at the Geology and Mining Department of the state Government. In 1969, at the age of 25, Karsan Bhai Patel started Nirma group as a small scale enterprise with major interests in detergents, soaps and cosmetics. He also has interests in education and founded a leading engineering college, the Nirma Institute of Technology. He is sometimes referred to as Dr. K.K. Patel.

Nirma is a group of companies based in the city of Ahmadabad in western India that manufactures products ranging from cosmetics, soaps, detergents, salt, soda ash, LAB and Injectibles. Today Nirma has over 15000 employees and a turnover of over Rs. 3550 crores. In 2004, Nirma's detergent approached 800,000 tonnes one of the largest volumes sold in the world under a single brand 'NIRMA'. It built up a 30% market share in the premium detergent segment and achieved a greater than 20% share in the premium soaps market. Karsanbhai's two sons are at leading positions in the Nirma organization. Rakesh K Patel (MBA) looks after procurement and logistics while Hiren K Patel (MBA) heads the marketing and finance departments.

In

1969, Karsan Bhai Patel started Nirma group as a small scale enterprise with major interests in detergents, soaps and cosmetics.
This

was an after-office business - the one-man company would bicycle through the neighbourhoods selling handmade detergent packets door to door at a price of Rs. 3 per kg.
He

offered a quality detergent powder, using indigenous technology, at a third of the prevailing price without compromising on the product.
Karsanbhai

Nirupama.
Nirma

named the detergent powder Nirma after daughter

revolutionized the whole detergent powder segment and in a short span of time created an entirely new market segment in the domestic detergent sector market.

Nirma was made of an innovative formulation, which global detergent giants were later on compelled to emulate.
it was phosphate free and hence environment friendly, and the process of manufacturing was labour intensive, which offered large scale employment. Within a decade, Nirma was the largest selling detergent in India. Since production was labour intensive, Nirma also became a leading employer (employing 14,000 people 2004). After establishing its leadership in economy-priced detergents, Nirma foray into the premium brand segment, in cakes and detergents was equally successful. It built up a 30% market share in the premium detergent segment and achieved a greater than 20% share in the premium soaps market.

In

1995, Karsanbhai started the Nirma Institute of Technology in Ahmadabad, which grew into a leading engineering college in Gujarat.
An

Institute of Management followed, with the entire structure being consolidated under the Nirma University of Science and Technology in 2003, overseen by the Nirma Education and Research Foundation.

Karsanbhai

Patel is the president of Nirma University. Nirma Institute of Management began offering full fledged MBA programmes from the 2003-05 session.
The

institution is rated as one of the top 25 B-schools in the country and amongst the top ten B-schools established after 1990.
there

were about 7000 aspirants from all over the country in the management programme, while there were just 106 seats for full-time students.
For

the post graduate diploma in management (full time), Saurabh Ganguly received the award for overall performance

Consumer Products:

Soaps:

Nirma Bath Soap, Nirma Beauty Soap, Nirma Lime Fresh Soap, Nirma Rose, Nirma Sandal
Detergent:

Nirma Washing Powder, Nirma Detergent Cake, Super Nirma Washing Powder, Super Nirma Detergent Cake, Nirma Popular Detergent Powder
Salt:

Nirma Shudh Namak Products: Nirma Clean Dish Wash Bar, Nirma

Scouring

Bartan Bar

Industrial Products:
LAB (Linear Alkyl Benzene) AOS (Alfa Olefin Sulfonate) Sulphuric Acid Glycerine Soda Ash Pure salt Vacuum Evaporated Iodized Salt SSP ( Single Super Phosphate ) Sodium Silicate

He has been awarded an Honorary Doctorate by Florida Atlantic University, Florida, USA in the year 2001. The Federation of Association of Small Scale Industries of India, New Delhi, awarded him with the Udyog Ratna. The Gujarat Chamber of Commerce felicitated him as an Outstanding Industrialist of the Eighties. The Govt. of India twice appointed him Chairman of the Development Council for Oils, Soaps & Detergents. Gujarat Businessman Award in 1998 by Gujarat Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Ahmadabad. Excellence in Corporate Governance Award by Rotary International District 2000.

EFFECT OF MEDIA ON YOUTH

social Music Sari

Media Tradition Nightlife Education

Dance

Something you learn

Religion

Language

Culture is never lost, but it can be changed

TV, radio, music, magazines, movies, video games, cell, internet, email, IM, cds, dvds, MP3, etc. Youth (8-18) 6.5 hrs per day or 44.5 hrs per week all forms of media.

30% multi-task: phone+IM+music++TV+su rf the web. 53% - families have no rules - TV. 51% - use web daily. 32% - use IM daily 2.25 hrs - parents; 1.5 hrs exercise; 50 min homework.

Research an overwhelming presence of alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs in mass media viewed by youth Mass media portrays unhealthy behaviors as glamorous and risk-free. Mass media poses a significant public health risk for youth

From 2001-2004, the avg. number of TV alcohol ads seen by youth increased 32% - 40% The top 15 TV shows with the largest youth (12-17) audience had alc. Ads. Natl long. survey (15-26): on avg. more al. more drinking. Each ad seen increased num. of drinks consumed in past month by 1% ; holds also for greater al ad expenditures by market area.

In a nationally representative random digit phone survey of 10-14 year olds, Sargent et al. (2006) found a positive association between increased exposure to smoking in movies and smoking initiation. In comparison to the lowest Quartile of smoking in movies, Adjusted OR for having tried smoking was 1.7 for Q2; 1.8 for Q3; and 2.6 for Q4. Attributable Risk = 38%. Exposure was primary risk of smoking initiation for 38% who tried smoking.

A recent study of more than 1200 films rated G, PG, PG-13, and R, and released between 1996 and 2003 reported that 95% of films depicted substances (drugs, alcohol, tobacco) while the Motion Picture Association referenced drugs and alcohol in only 18% of its ratings. NIDAs PRISM award promotes accurate depictions of drug, alcohol, tobacco use in film, TV, video, music, and comic books .

Wax (2002) indicates that the internet provides free, unedited, and nonrefereed information about recreational drug-taking behavior. While anti-drug web sites exist, the web sites that espouse risk reduction, safe and responsible drug use are easily accessible by children.

Forman reports that the Internet conducts drug business transactions 24 hours a day, across the globe with relative anonymity. The sale of prohibited Schedule I drugs (marijuana, heroin, crack cocaine) and Schedule II-V drugs (sedatives, analgesics, stimulants, steroids, etc.) can be obtained on-line from no-prescription web sites by anyone with access to a credit card to include youth.

Help youth make better decisions about health risks they face. Multiple components: TV-radio ads, web, videos, print, school/comm./parents, policy. Mass media campaigns have been studied for over 5 decades .

Meta-analysis indicate effect sizes are small and can be negative or positive .

In 2003, 83.6% of youths 12-17 (20.8M) reported exposure in past year to an alcohol or drug message: poster, pamphlet, radio, TV, etc. (NSDUH
Report, 2005).

BUT research findings on behavior are mixed.

Mendelson (1968) described mass communication as a sort of an aerosol spray. As you spray it on the surface, some of it hits the target; most of it drifts away; and very little of it penetrates.

the results do not suggest that the mass media represents the magic bulletwhich will end drug-abuse in adolescents most media researchers today recognize that the media alone are not likely to turn the tide of drug abuse mass media are better viewed as part of a weapon that may be directed at the problem.

In a RCT (1997-2002) with 45 high schools and feeder schools, Longshore et al. (2006) tested the effects (on 9th graders) of ONDCPs Anti-Drug Campaign in combination with a drug prevention program - ALERT Plus (in 7th and 8th + boosters 9th and 10th). Findings: 1) Sign. lower monthly marijuana for ALERT Plus and weekly exposure to ONDCPs media campaign - synergistic effect; 2) No comparable main effects for ALERT PLUS or ONDCPs media campaign.

Palmgreen et al. (2005) reports on an interrupted timeseries analysis of exposure to ONDCPs media campaign (Marijuana Initiative) in two counties in Kentucky (Oct. 2002 June 2003) that compared High Sensation-Seeking (HSS) vs. Low Sensation-Seeking youth (LSS). Findings: 1) Sign. reductions in 30 day marijuana use for HSS teens . 2) Sign. increase in perceived negative consequences of marijuana . 3) No campaign effects for LSS.

In 2003, 14.6 M youth 12-17 (58.9%) talked with parents over the past year about the dangers of tobacco, alcohol, or drug use. Youth who talked with parents were sign. less likely to report past month alcohol use, binge drinking, and illicit drug use. Youth who reported seeing anti-drug media messages over the past year were sign. less likely to report past month binge drinking and illicit drug use.