What micro nutrient constitutes to our life expectancy..?

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What threats are our biological systems exposed to?

Food Contaminat ion

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So, are we safe..? (against pollutants, toxins and contaminants)

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If so, How..?

Wow! But what is this ?

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Curious to know..?

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Here comes the answer from.

Batch No: --Team Members:
1. 2. 3.

Trivedhi Sahiti Rajeev

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GLUTATHIONE
The micro nutrient that does a macro job
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WELCOME

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PRODUCTION OF GLUTATHIONE AN ANTIOXIDANT, BY Saccharomyces cerevisae, FED WITH L-CYSTEINE

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SAHITI RAJE TRIVEDHI .D RAJEEVA KALYAN

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What is Glutathione ..?

Glutathione is a very simple molecule that is produced naturally

all the time in your body

Glutathione is a tripeptide with anti-oxidant properties. It participates directly in the destruction of reactive oxygen

compounds.
Considered to be the most powerful, most versatile and most

important self generated anti-oxidant of the body.

protects the cell from the action of low pH, chlorine compounds

and oxidative and osmotic stresses.

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 Glutathione is a tripeptide that contains an unusual peptide

linkage between the amine group of cysteine and the carboxyl group of the glutamate side-chain.

Glutathione chemical structure and properties

The thiol group(SH) in this compound is the one responsible for plays a key role in maintaining the proper oxidation state of

the biological activity of glutathione as this acts as a proton donor. protein thiols.

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 Plays a crucial role in detoxifying nicotine Glutathione reconstitutes vitamin C and vitamin E after they

have been oxidized and therefore plays a determinant role in their function.
Used in treatment of sickle cell anemia. Used in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Plays an important role in cancer prevention and treatment. Glutathione has recently been used as an inhibitor of

melanin in the cosmetics industry.

Applications

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Methods of production
Two types of production methods are being followed

1. enzymatic method. Glutamine + Cysteine -glutamylcysteine + Glycine

Glutathione

2. fermentative method( commercially method).

But the requirement for ATP in the enzymatic production of glutathione makes

this process difficult to scale-up.

4/18/12 So fermentative method is being commercially used using Saccharomyces

Fermentative Process
Fed batch culture is one of the most efficient used method to

achieve a high cell density of yeast culture. added ( for biomass growth).

Certain nutrients like glucose, KH2PO4, biotin, cysteine are Glucose is commonly used substrate to which L-cysteine is added

in a single shot into the fermenter, used for increasing GSH production rate. purified to obtain glutathione. techniques.

Biomass is then obtained from fermentation broth which is further Purification can be done by chromatography or centrifugation

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Downstream processing

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Mass Balance

REACTANTS
Quantity in kgs

PRODUCTS
Quantity in kgs

1.

Glucose Yeast extract Oxygen

7345.27991 31167.12329 79890.4109

1.

Biomass Carbon dioxide Water

217610.0274 1.1024*10^7 156303884.062

1.

1.

1.

1.

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Energy Balance
Heat of combustion of glucose = -2805 KJ / gm. mole

Yeast extract

=-21.39KJ / gm. mole

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

=-21.39KJ / gm. mole

Carbon dioxide

=0KJ / gm. mole

Heat of combustion =(sum of rate of combustion of products) - (sum of rate of combustion of reactants) = ((0.219)(-21.39))-((-21.39) (0.236) +(-2805) (1))
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Bioreactor Design
The reactor used here is a fed batch reactor. It is mostly used in bio-industrial processes. It is similar to a batch reactor but has an additional feature of continuous

removal/addition of one of its components.

It is more safer and stable than a batch operation.

To design a fermenter, the working volume was first calculated.

Then the total volume of the reactor was calculated .It came upto 2792672.04 litres.

Then the diameter and the height were calculated using volume.

A numbers of agitators like impellers ,baffles are used in a reactor. These agitators are used for uniform mixing. The diameter , width of the baffles were calculated by applying different formulae. 4/18/12

Bioreactor Design
The power required by the fermenter is also calculated by using the formulae

P=KN^3D^5
The aeration number and the oxygen transfer rates were also calculated using different

formulae.

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Plant layout and location

Power Generation Unit: For in-house power generation from the exhausted

heat and bio-matter that can be reused for the plant again.

Control Room: Has the entire infrastructure that is required for remote

controlling various processes in the plant.

Yeast Processing Unit: For the processing and treatment of yeast that would

be used for the production of glutathione.

Urea Plant: For the treatment of urea that would be used further in conjugation

with yeast to form the bio-mass required for the glutathione production

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Plant layout and location

Fermentation house: This section of the plant contains fermenters and

centrifuges that are required in the extraction of glutathione from the bio-mass
Natural gas receiving: To produce gas from the natural bio-matter that can be

used as the fuel for the power generation

Storage tanks: To store the final product any other useful by-products that

come out of the processing units.

Cooling towers: These are the sections that are used to maintain right

temperatures for the required chemical compounds across the processing flow and to cool down any high temperature by-products from the processing units.
Packaging / Bagging Unit: This section of the plant is for the final packaging

of the finished product from the plant; from where it would be pushed to loading and storage areas.
Effluent and waste treatment plant: The

waste water and effluents are then treated before releasing into atmosphere. 4/18/12

* all currencies in Rs.

Investment

Cost Estimation

Direct Cost (7,43,19,450) + Indirect Cost (2,33,35,800) + Others = 14, 85, 79,766

Annual Sales Revenue

54,500(capacity) * 5500 (Selling Price) = 29, 97, 50,000

Net Profit
29,97,50,000 14,85,79,766 9,54,68,093 (Taxes & Depreciation) = 5,57,02,141 4/18/12

Conclusion
This method is one of the economical methods used for the

production of glutathione as it involves a low cost substrate.

The fed batch reactor used is advantageous in many ways like the

substrate used for producing the product can never be depleted and the nutritional environment can be maintained constant.

The glutathione produced has many applications and it is mostly

used in pharmaceutical industry. It acts as a powerful anti oxidant.

It is also used in detoxification of metals.

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