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C Peptide Aeedec
C Peptide Aeedec
Dr. Natheer H Al-Rawi Ph.D (Oral Pathology) College of Dentistry/ University of Sharjah/UAE
What is C-peptide? 31 amino acids polypeptide Made from pro insulin which split into insulin and C-peptide What are its functions? Activate cell signal transduction pathway. Stimulate Na+, K+ ATPase and eNOS Prevent diabetic Nephropathy
Why to measure C peptide? It provide a reliable info of cells secretory activity. C peptide measurements are preferable to insulin measurements because: Longer life (2-5 times more) Lack of hepatic excretion Slower metabolic clearance rate Lack of cross-reactivity with antibodies to insulin
Physiological Background of C-peptide: Healthy Individuals: Pancreatic cells produce proinsulin Proinsulin split into insulin and C-peptide. C-peptide and insulin are released into circulation. Type 1 Diabetes: Pancreatic cells cease to function. No proinsulin is produced Nor insulin nor C-peptide are formed
Diagnostic Uses:
Measuring C peptide in patients injecting insulin can help to determine how much of their own natural insulin these patients are still producing. C peptide is easily detectable because antibodies that are sensitive to it are readily available, whereas antibodies to insulin are much more difficult to obtain. The amount of C peptide in the blood can indicate the presence or absence of disease: Low amount : Insulin produced is too low or absent (Type 1 DM) Abnormal high amount: Insulinoma Normal amounts: Body making plenty of insulin but the body is not responding properly (Type 2 DM) Low amount with hypoglycemia : Insulin abuse
How it is measured?
ELISA RIA
Why Saliva ? 1. Easy sampling 2. Does not disturb intimacy when control is needed. 3. Multiple samples could be collected providing more information than that of single blood sample
Blood
Saliva
FBS
C peptide
IDDM
NIDDM IDDM vs NIDDM
91.07 6.82
184 84.5 2.91 E-5**
0.628 0.6
1.84 1.35 0.08 (NS)
0.147 0.3
0.336 0.6 7.32E-9**
Conclusion:
Estimating salivary levels of C-peptide with FBS can provide simple method of measuring cell activity and to monitor proper use of insulin therapy in Type 1 DM without the need of invasive vene punctures
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