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OPTICAL FIBER

PREPARED BY
PAWAN ROLL NOBE (MECH)

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Evolution of Fiber

1880 Alexander Graham Bell 1930 Patents on tubing 1950 Patent for two-layer glass waveguide 1960 Laser first used as light source 1965 High loss of light discovered 1970s Refining of manufacturing process 1980s OF technology becomes backbone of long distance telephone networks in NA.

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Introduction to Optical Fibers.

Fibers

of glass Usually 120 micrometers in diameter Used to carry signals in the form of light over distances up to 50 km. No repeaters needed.

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PARTS OF OPTICAL FIBER

Core thin glass center of the fiber where light travels. Cladding outer optical material surrounding the core Buffer Coating plastic coating that protects the fiber.

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Advantages of Optical Fibre

Thinner Less

Expensive Higher Carrying Capacity Less Signal Degradation& Digital Signals Light Signals Non-Flammable Light Weight

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Areas of Application

Telecommunications Local

Area Networks Cable TV CCTV Optical Fiber Sensors

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Type of Fibers

Optical fibers come in two types: Single-mode fibers used to transmit one signal per fiber (used in telephone and cable TV). They have small cores(9 microns in diameter) and transmit infrared light from laser. Multi-mode fibers used to transmit many signals per fiber (used in computer networks). They have larger cores(62.5 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from LED.

How Does Optical Fibre Transmit Light??

Total

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Internal Reflection. Fibre Optics Relay Systems has -Transmitter -Optical Fibre -Optical Regenerator -Optical Receiver

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Total Internal Reflection in Fiber

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How are Optical Fibres made??

Three

Steps are Involved -Making a Perform Glass Cylinder -Drawing the Fibers from the preform -Testing the Fiber

Optical Fiber Laying

Mechanical

Linking

Includes coupling of two connectors end to end Optical distribution frames allow cross connect fibers from by means of connection leads and optical connectors Soldering: This operation is done with automatic soldering machine that ensures:

Alignment of fibers core along the 3 axis Visual display in real-time of the fibers soldering Traction test after soldering (50 g to 500 g)

Blowing

Used in laying optical cables in roadways. Cables can be blown in a tube high density Poly Ethylene Optical fiber is then blown in the tube using an air compressor which can propel it up to 2 kilometers away.

Fiber Distributed Data Interface

Stations

are connected in a dual ring Transmission rate is 100 mbps Total ring length up to 100s of kms.

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Conclusion

This concludes our study of Fiber Optics. We have looked at how they work and how they are made. We have examined the properties of fibers, and how fibers are joined together. Although this presentation does not cover all the aspects of optical fiber work it will have equipped you knowledge and skills essential to the fiber optic industry.

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THANK YOU