Distance and displacements

Simon is in Causeway Bay. He needs to 1 take a book to Mary at the exit gate of Mongkok MTR, and 2 pass a gift to Jenny at the HKEAA in Wan Chai.
Mongkok

Wan Chai

Causeway Bay

(a)

What is the minimum fare for Simons whole journey?

From Causeway Bay Mongkok Causeway Bay To Mongkok Wan Chai Wan Chai Adult Fare $10.0 $10.0 $3.8

He doesnt go out of the He doesnt go out of the gates at Mongkok station. gates at Mongkok station.

Warm-up
(a) What is the minimum fare for Simons whole journey?
From Causeway Bay Mongkok Causeway Bay To Mongkok Wan Chai Wan Chai Adult Fare $10.0 $10.0 $3.8

For his whole journey, For his whole journey, his position changes from Causeway Bay his position changes from Causeway Bay station to Wan Chai station. station to Wan Chai station.

(b)

Do you agree with the following statements about travelling by MTR? Agree Disgree

More should be paid for longer distance travelled. Fare depends on where he passes the exit gate only.

Unit of length
North Pole X

Symbol: m SI unit: metre Old definition:

1 m was defined as 107 of 1 m was defined as 107 of a quadrant of the Earth. a quadrant of the Earth. But no need to remember But no need to remember the exact value the exact value

Displacement and distance

Displacement requires : Length of a straight line going from the old to the new positions i.e. size/magnitude Direction of the movement Simulation

Displacement and distance

your home

To go to school from home...

Size = length of this arrow

your school

displacement from displacement from home to school home to school

A displacement has size & direction.

Displacement and distance

your home

To go to school from home...

l2
your school

l1

l3
Distance = length of path you travelled = l1 + l2 + l3 ( size of displacement)

Vectors and scalars

Vector
a quantity described by its

direction & magnitude (size) E.g. displacement, velocity, force

A vector can be represented by an arrow. It tells us:

Vectors and scalars

direction

length = magnitude

Vectors and scalars

path taken

To go from A to B...

start A point displacement

end B point

displacement written as AB

3
Scalar

Vectors and scalars

quantity described by its magnitude (size) only E.g. temperature, distance, speed, mass, energy

4
a

Adding displacements
Graphical method
A car travels 4 km north then 3 km north. A car travels 4 km north

N 3 km 7 km north

total distance = ? = (3 + 4) km = 7 km total displacement = ? = (3 + 4) km north = 7 km north

4 km

4
a

Adding displacements
Graphical method

A car travels 4 km north then 3 km south. A car travels 4 km north

N

total distance = ? = (3 + 4) km = 7 km
3 km 1 km north

4 km

total displacement = ? = ( + 4) km north 3 = 1 km north

4
a

Adding displacements
Graphical method

A car travels 4 km north then 3 km east. A car travels 4 km north

N 3 km 4 km 5 km

total distance = ? = (3 + 4) km = 7 km total displacement = ? = 5 km 37 east of north (by measurement)

Adding displacement

Graphical method Tip-to-tail method:

tip of p joined to tail of q

p
p + q

4
b

Adding displacements
Algebraic method

It is easy to add displacements if they are perpendicular to each other. E.g.

N 3 km 4 km

d 2 = 42 + 3 2
d = 5 km 3 tan = 4 = 37

d km 5

Example 2
A girl cycles a circular track of diameter 70 m and stops at the starting point. (a) Distance travelled =? Distance travelled = perimeter of track = 70 = 220 m
70 m

Example 2
(b) Does she change her position? No, it is because she goes back to the starting position.

70 m

Example 3
A car travels 5 km north and 4 km east. (a) Total distance travelled = ? Total distance = 5 + 4 = 9 km
5 km 4 km N

Example 2
(c) What is her displacement? Her overall displacement =0m

70 m

Example 3
A car travels 5 km north and 4 km east. (b) What is the displacement?
2 2

N 4 km

size = 5 + 4 = 6.40 km
4 tan = = 5

38.7

5 km

Total displacement: 6.40 km 38.7 east of north

6.4 km

Q1 A ball suspended...
A ball hung by a string swings from X to Y. What is the size of the displacement of the ball? A B C /3 m 1m 1 m towards the right
X

60o

1m

1m

Q2 Is the speed limit...

Is the speed limit a vector or a scalar?

Scalar! Scalar!