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Nucleicacids2eee2 120426222747 Phpapp01
Nucleicacids2eee2 120426222747 Phpapp01
Nucleicacids2eee2 120426222747 Phpapp01
Topic Outline:
Structure and Function Types of Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids- comprise the fourth major group of biomolecules in living cells. - play extremely important roles in the cell. - also called as biopolymers Common nucleic acids: 1. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid - the hereditary molecule
2. RNA- Ribonucleic acid - participate in the conversion of the genetic code into proteins and other gene products.
Nucleotides- are building blocks of the nucleic acid polymers. - are complex monomers than amino acids. Structural Components of the Nucleotides: a. Nitrogen-containing base - nitrogenous base b. A five-carbon sugar- pentose c. A phosphate group
Types of Nucleic acids: 1. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid - DNA nucleotides - found in the nucleus with small amount of mitochondria and chloroplast Component: a. Nitrogenous base b. Deoxyribose c. Phosphate group -genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. - The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes,
2. RNA- Ribonucleic acid - RNA Nucleotides - found throughout the cell Component: a. Nitrogenous base b. Ribose c. Phosphate group - plays several important roles in the processes of transcribing genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into proteins.
PHOSPATE
BASE
PURINES
Adenine (A) Guanine(G)
NUCLEOTIDE
CH2OH
OH
C
CH2OH C H H C OH
OH C H C H
C
H
H
C
H C
OH
OH
P G
The bases are attached to the 1st Carbon Their order is important It determines the
P C
P A P T
Hydrogen bonds
G
P C P C
C P G P G P
P
A P T P T A P T P
A
P
directions (antiparallel) They are joined by the bases Each base is paired with a specific partner: A is always paired with T G is always paired with C Purine with Pyrimidine The sister strands are complementary but not identical The bases are joined by hydrogen bonds, individually weak but collectively strong
CENTRAL DOGMA
It was Francis Crick who in 1957, proposed what referred to as the central dogma. DNA
mRNA PROTEIN
Cellular Processes
replication DNA transcription RNA (mRNA) translation Proteins
Replication
- 0ccurs by the separation of the DNA strands and the building of complementary strands by the addition of the correct DNA nucleotides.
Transcription-the information in one gene of a DNA molecule is used to produce mRNA molecule.
Events: 1. one strand of DNA unwinds temporarily exposing the bases. 2. Attraction of the bases of RNA nucleotides and a MRNA molecule begins to built alongside of one of the strand.
Alanine- Ala Arginine- Arg Asparagine- Asn Aspartic Acid-Asp Cysteine- Cys
Methionine- Met Phenylalanine- Phe Proline- Pro Serine- Ser Threonine- Thr
Glutamine-Gln
Tryptophan- Trp
Solve:
Using the genetic code, identify the amino acid sequence: 5- C G C G A A T T C G C G 3 3- G C G C T T A A G C G C 5