GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

Concepts To be remembered
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

What is the sum of all internal angles in the figure?

There are 10 triangles and hence the sum of all internal angles is 1800.
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

What is the sum of all internal angles in the figure?

There are 9 triangles and hence the sum of all internal angles is 1620.
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

A B C D

What is the sum of all internal angles in figure A,B,C & D? A = 720 B = 540 C = 360 D =900
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

What is the sum of all internal angles of a n sided polygon? Sum of all internal angles = (n-2) Sum of all External angles= 2 In a regular n sided figure, Each internal angle = (n-2) /n Each external angle = 2 /n
5

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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

N 3 4 Sum of all internal angles 180 360 Average 60 90

5
6 7 8 9

540
720 900 1080 1260

108
120 900/7 135 140

10
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1440

144
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In a polygon the measure (in degrees) of each angle is a distinct integer. If the largest angle is 1450 and the polygon has

maximum

number of sides possible, then its largest exterior angle is

1)500 2) 470 3)450
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4)520 5) 480
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In the above question what is the number of sides of Polygon?

1) 9 4) 8
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2) 7 5) 11

3) 10

GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

If largest angle is 1450, let us find the maximum number of sides of the polygon. The sum of all internal angles is (n-2) and the sum of all external angle is 3600.
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

Let us assume it is a decagon. The sum of all internal angles is 1440. If the largest angle is 145.The other angles can be 144,143,142,141,140,139,138, 137,136. Total sum is 1405. Hence it cannot be decagon.
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

Let us assume it is a nonagon. If the largest angle is 145. The other angles can be 144, 143, 142, 141, 140, 139,138 & 128. The total sum of internal angles is 1260. The maximum number of sides is 9. Its largest exterior angle is 520
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

The internal angles of a polygon are in arithmetic Progression. The smallest angle measures 650 and the

common difference is 18 0 . The number of sides of the polygon is 1) 8 2) 9 3) 10 4) 7 5) 11

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Sn= {130+
2

GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

n 75 4 75 8

(n-1)}=(n-2)180

= 65n+

n(n-1)= (n-2)180

As the value on the right hand side is an integer, (n-1) should be divisible by 8. Hence substituting n= 9 , we get 1260 as the sum of all internal angles of a 9 sided figure.
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In a Pentagon how many triangles , using the vertices of Pentagon, can be formed such that only one side of the triangle is same as one side of the Pentagon.
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

For the side ED
B A C

there can be only one triangle. For each side there will be only one triangle. Totally there are 5 such triangles
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In a Hexagon how many triangles , using the vertices of Hexagon, can be formed such that only one side of the triangle is same as one side of the hexagon.
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

A B

E
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For the side ED there can be 2 triangles. For each side there will be 2 triangles. Totally there are 12 such triangles
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In a Heptagon how many triangles , using the vertices of Heptagon, can be formed such that only one side of the triangle is same as one side of the Heptagon.
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

G A

F E D

For the side ED there can be 3 triangles. For each side there will be 3 triangles. Totally there are 21 such triangles
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In a Decagon how many triangles , using the vertices of a Decagon can be formed such that only one side of the triangle is same as one side of the Decagon.
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

For the side AB there can be 6 triangles. For each side there will be 6 triangles. Totally there are 60 triangles.
21

A
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In a n sided figure ,how many triangles, using the vertices of the n sided figure, can be formed such that only one side of the triangle is same as one side of the n sided figure.

For each side there will be (n triangles. Totally there will be

4)

n ( n 4) triangles.
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In a Pentagon how many triangles , using the vertices of Pentagon, can be formed such that two sides of the triangle are same as two sides of the Pentagon. There are 5 such triangles.
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B A C

E
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In a hexagon how many triangles , using the vertices of hexagon, can be formed such that two sides of the triangle are same as two sides of the hexagon. There are 6 such triangles.
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In a heptagon how many triangles , using the vertices of heptagon, can be formed such that two sides of the triangle are same as two sides of the heptagon. There are 7 such triangles.
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In a Decagon, how many triangles , using the vertices of Decagon, can be formed such that two sides of the triangle are same as two sides of the Decagon. There are 10 such triangles.

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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In a n sided figure, how many triangles , using the vertices of n sided figure, can be formed such that two sides of the triangle are same as two sides of the n sided figure. There are n such triangles.
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In a n sided figure, Let x represent the no. of triangles that can be formed, using the vertices of n sided figure, such that two sides of the triangle are same as two sides of the n sided figure. Let Y represent the no. of triangles that can be formed, using the vertices of n sided figure, such that only one side of the triangle is same as one side of the n sided figure. If x + y = 28. What is the value of n. X + Y = n + n(n-4) = 28 implies n2 3n 28 =0 (n 7) (n +4) = 0 implies n = 7
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

A
ABD = 2 (BD) (ALTITUDE FROM A TO BC) ADC = 2 (DC) (ALTITUDE FROM A TO BC) ABD / ADC

m D

BD/DC =

m/n

If the base is divided in the ratio m:n the area of the 2 triangles so formed are in the ratio m:n
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

D
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If area of triangle ABC is 100 sq units, what is the area of triangle ADE given that BD = 3 AB & CE =4 AC?

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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

100

B
300 1600 D
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Let us join DC. Consider ACD. AB:BD::1:3 BCD = 300 sq units ACD = 400 sq units AC: CE:: 1:4 CDE= 1600 Sq.units ADE=2000 Sq.units
E
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

D
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If area of triangle ABC is 20 sq units, what is the area of triangle ADE given that BD = 9 AB & CE =19AC?

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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

20

B
180 3800 D
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Let us join DC. Consider ACD. AB:BD::1:9 BCD = 180 sq units ACD = 200 sq units AC: CE:: 1:19 CDE= 3800 Sq.units ADE=4000 Sq.units
E
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

D
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If area of triangle ABC is x sq units, what is the area of triangle ADE given that BD = k AB & CE =mAC?

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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

B
kx

D
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Let us join DC. Consider ACD. AB:BD::1:K BCD = X sq units x ACD = KX sq units C AC: CE:: 1:M CDE=m(kx+x) Sq.uts m(kx+x) ADE=(k+1)(m+1)x E Sq.units
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

A AD is a median BE is a median CF is a median G is centroid BGD = DGC = CGE = EGA = AGF = FGB = = ABC / 6
36

x x G F E x x x x B D C
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Medians Points to remember

A median divides a triangle into 2 triangles whose areas are equal Three medians divide the triangle into 6 triangles whose areas are equal. The point of concurrence is called centroid. Centroid divides the median in the ratio 2:1
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

A Given CA = 10 BC = 8 AB = 6 BE=5 AD =52 CF = 73 CF > AD > BE (CF2+AD2+BE2)/ (AB2+ BC2+ CA2) =3/4
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B
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

Median to hypotenuse in a right angled is half the hypotenuse. Shortest median is to the longest side. Longest Median is to the shortest side. Ratio of Sum of squares of medians to sum of squares of sides is 3:4
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

A

B
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Given CA = 16 BC = 8 AB = 12 Find AD, BE & CF (MEDIANS)

40

GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

A AB2 + AC2 = 2(AD2 +BD2) 122 + 162 = 2(AD2 +42) AD2 = 184 Similarly, BE2 = 40 CF2 = 124
41

B
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

A AB = 10 BC = 24 CA = 26.The given triangle is divided into 2 triangles whose areas are equal. What is the maximum possible sum of perimeter of the 2 triangles so formed?
42

B
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

A
5
The given triangle can be divided into 2 triangles whose areas are equal if we draw a median.As maximum perimeter of the 2 triangles so formed is sought, the longest median is to be drawn. Longest Median is to the shortest side. CF = 601 .Maximum possible perimeter of the 2 triangles so formed is 60+2 601

F
5

B
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24

C
43

GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In the triangle given alongside, AD, BE & CF are medians. GECD is a cyclic G quadrilateral, find the ratio of AE:GD.

B
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C
44

GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

GECD is a cyclic quadrilateral implies that the vertices G, E, C & D lie on a circle. Therefore AG * AD = AE * AC If GD = Y AG = 2Y & AD = 3Y If AE = X ,EC = X , AC = 2X X * 2 X = 2Y *3 Y X= 3 Y. The ratio is 3 : 1
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A G

C
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

In the triangle given alongside, D,E & F are midpoints of Sides BC, CA & AB. AK is r from
A to BC. Find

F K D

FKD

+ FED.
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C
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

L AFE = L ABC = L FED =X LFKB = X ( since F FK = BF ) L FKD = (180 -X) X L FED + L FKD B = 180
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X
X

K D
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Points regarding Medians

A median divides a triangle into 2 triangles whose areas are equal. Three medians divide the triangle into 6 triangles whose areas are equal. The point of concurrence is called centroid.
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Points regarding Medians Shortest median is to the longest side. Median to hypotenuse in a right angled triangle is half the hypotenuse Longest Median is to the shortest side. Ratio of Sum of squares of medians to sum of squares of sides is 3:4
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