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Nitric
Nitric
Nitric oxide is a diatomic free radical consisting of one atom of nitrogen and one atom of oxygen Lipid soluble and very small for easy passage between cell membranes Short lived, usually degraded or reacted within a few seconds The natural form is a gas
COONADPH NAD+
COO+H3N C H
+H3N C
+H3N C
+ NO
(CH2)3
(CH2)3
NH
C H2N Arginine NH2+
NOS
(CH2)3
NH
C H2N N-w-Hydroxyarginine + N OH H
NOS
NH
C O NH2 Citrulline
Activation of NOS
Glutamate neurotransmitter binds to NMDA receptors Ca++ channels open causing Ca influx into cell Activation of calmodulin, which activates NOS Mechanism for start of synthesis dependent on body system NO synthesis takes place in endothelial cells, lung cells, and neuronal cells
Http://www.kumc.edu/research/medicine/biochemistry/bioc800/sig02-06.htm
Types of NOS
NOS I
Central and peripheral neuronal cells Ca+2 dependent, used for neuronal communication
NOS II
Most nucleated cells, particularly macrophages Independent of intracellular Ca+2 Inducible in presence of inflammatory cytokines
NOS III
Vascular endothelial cells Ca+2 dependent Vascular regulation
Http://www.kumc.edu/research/medicine/biochemistry/bioc800/sig02-11.htm
References
Marieb, Elaine N. Human Anatomy and Physiology. (1998) 4th ed. California, Benjamin/Cummings Science Publishing. 391, 826-27, 533, 859 Stryer Lubert. Biochemistry. (1996) 4th ed. New York, W. H. Freeman and Company. 732
Keefer, Larry K. Nitric oxide-releasing compounds: From basic research to promising drugs. Modern Drug Discovery. November/December 1998. 20-29.
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