Professional Documents
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Presentation 1
Presentation 1
TOP MANAGERS
Managers at or near the top level of the organization who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the goals and plans that affect the entire organization.
FIRST LINE MANAGERS Managers at the lowest level of the organization who manage, the work of non managerial employees who are involved with the production or creation of the organizations products or services. MIDDLE MANAGERS
Managers between the first-line level and the top level of the organization who manage the work of first-line managers.
NON MANAGERIAL EMPLOYEES Those organizational members who work directly on a job or task and had no one reporting to them.
COMPILED BY SIR IMRAN ZAIDI 2
AUTOCRATIC STYLE
A leader who tended to centralize authority, dictate work methods, make unilateral decisions, and limit employees participation.
DEMOCRATIC STYLE
A leader who tended to involve employees in decision making delegate authority, encourage participation in deciding work methods and goals, and use feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees.
LAISSEZ-FAIRE STYLE
A leader who generally gave the group complete freedom to make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it saw fit.
COMPILED BY SIR IMRAN ZAIDI 7
PODUCTIVITY GROWTH
It is the increase in productivity from one period to the next relative to the productivity in the preceding period. Thus:
EXAMPLE
If productivity increased from 80 to 84, the growth rate would be;
T/MTBF
eT/MTBF
T/MTBF
e-T/MTBF
T/MTB.0 183F
e-T/MTBF
T/MTB.0 050F
e-T/MTBF
T/MTB.0 014F
e-T/MTBF
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30
.9048 .8187 .7408 .6703 .6065 .5488 .4966 .4493 .4066 .3679 .3329 .3012 .2725
1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60
.2466 .2231 .2019 .1827 .1653 .1496 .1353 .1255 .1108 .1003 .0907 .0821 .0743
2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.80 3.90
.0672 .0608 .0550 .0498 .0450 .0408 .0369 .0334 .0302 .0273 .0247 .0224 .0202
4.00 4.10 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.80 4.90 5.00 5.10 5.20
.0183 .0166 .0150 .0136 .0123 .0111 .0101 .0091 .0082 .0074 .0067 .0061 .0055
5.30 5.40 5.50 5.60 5.70 5.80 5.90 6.00 6.10 6.20 6.30 6.40 6.50
.0050 .0045 .0041 .0037 .0033 .0030 .0027 .0025 .0022 .0020 .0018 .0017 .0015
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e-T/MTBF = e-1 = .3679 The probability of failure before T = 4 years is: 1- e-1 , or 1 - .3679 = .6321 T = 6 year: T/MTBF = =1.50
From Table, e-T/MTBF = e-1.5 = .2231
COMPILED BY SIR IMRAN ZAIDI 12