USING COMPUTER IN CONTENT ANALYSIS

Computer

programs have some time been boomed to quantitative research, allowing researchers to calculate quite rapidly very complex statistics. Programs to assist qualitative researchers in their analysis, however, now also exist. Many simple word processing programs can be used for some kinds of data analysis.

The

find command, for example, can locate various passages in a document that contain key words or phrases. Thus, a researcher might ask the computer to search for all passages that contain key words creative or nonconformist or punishment or artistic creativity.

The

notable examples of qualitative computer programs that are currently available include atlas .ti, QSR NUD*IST, Nvivo and Hyperresearch. These programs will identify words, phrases, or sentences, tabulate their occurrence, print and graph the tabulations and sort and regroup words, phrases or sentences according to how they fit a particular set of categories.

ADVANTAGES OF CONTENT ANALYSIS

1. Unobtrusive. A researcher can observe without being observed, since the content being analyzed are not influence by the researchers presence. Information might be difficult, or even impossible to obtain through direct observation or other means but it can be gained unobtrusively through analysis of textbooks and other communications, without the author or publisher being aware that is being examined.

ADVANTAGES OF CONTENT ANALYSIS

2. As we illustrated, it is extremely useful as a means of analyzing interview and observational data. 3. The researcher can delve into records and documents to get some feel for the social life of an earlier time. He or she is not limited by time and space to the study of present events.

ADVANTAGES OF CONTENT ANALYSIS

4. A fourth advantage accrues from the fact that the logistics of content analysis are often relatively simple or economical-with regard to both time and resources-as compared to other research methods. This particularly true if the information is readily accessible, as in newspapers, reports, books, periodicals, and the like.

ADVANTAGES OF CONTENT ANALYSIS

5. Lastly, and because the data are readily available and almost always ca be returned to if necessary or desired, content analysis permits replication of a study by other researchers. Even live television programs can be videotaped for repeated analysis at later times.

DISADVANTAGES OD CONTENT ANALYSIS

1. Limited to recorded information. 2. Establishing validity. Assuming that different analysts can achieve acceptable agreement in categorizing, the question remains as to the true meaning of the categories themselves.

STUDENT TEACHERS AND CLASSROOM DISCIPLINE

1. Abstract
Respondents Justification Purpose 2. METHOD -Participant -Data Collection (justification) -Data Analyses - emergent codes

identified the paragraphs that adds clarity and those with good agreement 3. RESULTS Discipline Problems -Emergent definition Effective and Ineffective Strategies - Identified the effective and ineffective strategies (more definitions) 4. DISCUSSION - discussed the findings emerged from the study -marked particular part to emphasize the clarity 5. CONCLUSION - Identified whether good or unclear

ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY

PURPOSE /JUSTIFICATION
Purpose of the study Way of justification Citing several references

DEFINITIONS

Described how definition of terms helped in making the analysis clear or unclear Identify whether the references are pertinent. Examined whether there is statement of hypotheses

PRIOR RESEARCH

HYPOTHESES

ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY

SAMPLE
Identified the sample and analyze whether they are accurate and chosen using correct sampling Made mention of description about sample

INSTRUMENTATIO AND DATA ANALYSIS

Analyzed whether the instrument is effective or not Analyzed also the reliability and how it was measured

INTERNAL VALIDITY

Identified the relationship among variables

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Identified whether results are consistent or inconsistent Made mention of the most frequently used phrase/s.