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Ltit Presentation
Imran
madni BT-08-08 Abdul Qadoos BT-08-33 Muhammad Amir BT-08-35 Ghulam Akbar BT-08-46 Zahid Hussain BT-08-55 Sajad Ashraf BT-07-16
Introduction of WSN and Examples of WSN Comparison of WSN with ad hoc networks. Characteristics of Wireless Sensor Networks sensors categories Coverage Applications of Wireless Sensor networks Design Challenges Latest trends of WSN Conclusion
Wireless
lightweight wireless nodes, Deployed in large numbers, Monitors the environment or system by measuring physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity.
Node:
Embed numerous sensing nodes to monitor and interact with physical world
Network these devices so that they can execute more complex task.
The
development of wireless sensor networks was originally motivated by military applications. Wireless sensor networks are now used in many wide-range application areas.
Wireless
Sensor Networks mainly consists of sensors. Sensors are low power limited memory energy constrained due to their small size. networks can also be deployed in extreme environmental conditions and may be prone to enemy attacks. deployed in an ad hoc manner they need to be self organized and self healing and can face constant reconfiguration.
Wireless
Although
broadcast communication while ad hoc networks use point-to-point communication. Unlike ad hoc networks wireless sensor networks are limited by sensors limited power, energy and computational capability. Sensor nodes may not have global ID because of the large amount of overhead and large number of sensors.
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Sensors
Smart Sensors
Data gathering and processing Smart Sensors have internal circuitry to perform dedicated tasks.
Sensor
Area
coverage
deployment
Point
coverage
deployment
A
Barrier
coverage
To find a path
from A to B For any point on the path, the distance to the closest sensor is minimized.
The applications can be divided in three categories: 1. Monitoring of an area. 2. Monitoring of an objects. 3. Monitoring of both area and objects.
Environmental
and Habitat
Monitoring Precision Agriculture Indoor Climate Control Military Surveillance Treaty Verification Intelligent Alarms
Precision agriculture aims at making cultural operations more efficient, while reducing environmental impact. The information collected from sensors is used to evaluate optimum sowing density, estimate fertilizers and other inputs needs, and to more accurately predict crop yields.
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Structural
Intel
fabrication plants
wear and tear; report data in real-time Reduces need for a team of engineers; cutting costs by several orders of magnitude
Wildlife Habitats Disaster Management Emergency Response Ubiquitous Computing Asset Tracking Health Care Manufacturing Process Flows
The
Environmental Observation:
Sensor networks can be used to monitor environmental changes. An example could be water pollution detection in a lake that is located near a factory that uses chemical substances. Sensor nodes could be randomly deployed in unknown and hostile areas and relay the exact origin of a pollutant. Other examples include forest fire detection, air pollution and rainfall observation in agriculture.
continue
battlefield surveillance; sensors could monitor vehicular traffic, track the position of the enemy.
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Self-organizing Scalable.
lifetime.
and self-healing.
Heterogeneity.
Devices with varied capabilities. Different sensor modalities. Hierarchical deployments. Adjust to operating conditions and
Adaptability.
Challenges:
1. Energy Efficiency: Power consumptions are crucial to wireless sensor network applications because sensor nodes are not connected to any energy source. Energy efficiency is a dominant consideration no matter what the problem is. Sensor nodes only have a small and finite source of energy. Many solutions, both hardware and software related, have been proposed to optimize energy usage.
Distributed
Processing
Bandwidth Communication
between sensors
Large
Time Computation
2. Ad hoc deployment:
Most sensor nodes are deployed in regions which have no infrastructure. We must cope with the changes of connectivity and distribution.
3. Unattended operation:
Generally, once sensors are deployed, there is no human intervention for a long time. Sensor network must reconfigure by itself when certain errors occur.
4. Dynamic changes: As changes of connectivity due to addition of more nodes or failure of nodes, Sensor network must be able to adapt itself to changing connectivity.
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Sensors
controlling appliances and electrical devices in the house. Better lighting and heating in office buildings. The Pentagon building has used sensors
Health Monitors
Glucose Heart rate Cancer detection
Numerous
Sensors embedded
WSN
is highly distributed networks of small, lightweight wireless nodes Helpful in monitoring the enviournment WSN has wide range of applications Self organized and self healing