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A2 4 1 1 Krebs Cycle
A2 4 1 1 Krebs Cycle
state that the Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix; outline the Krebs cycle, with reference to the formation of citrate from acetate and oxaloacetate and the reconversion of citrate to oxaloacetate (names of intermediate compounds are not required); explain that acetate is combined with coenzyme A to be carried to the next stage; explain that during the Krebs cycle, decarboxylation and dehydrogenation occur, NAD and FAD are reduced and substrate level phosphorylation occurs;
Acetyl CoA
4- carbon compound oxaloacetate 4C
2C
CoA
6- carbon compound citrate 6C
NAD
FADH FAD NADH NAD 5- carbon compound 5C
CO2
1C
Products of the Krebs Cycle enter the final Stage of Aerobic Respiration
Some products are reused, some are released and others are used in the final stage, oxidative phosphorylation: the electron transport chain There is one turn of the Krebs cycle for each molecule of acetate, which was made from one molecule of pyruvate. Therefore there are two turns of the cycle for each molecule of glucose
Products of the Krebs Cycle enter the final Stage of Aerobic Respiration
One coA is reused in the next link reaction Oxaloacetate is regenerated so it can be reused in the next krebs cycle
Two carbon dioxide molecules are released as a waste product of respiration One molecule of ATP is made per turn of the cycle- by substrate level phosphorylation
Three reduced NAD and one reduced FAD co-enzymes are made and enter the electron transport chain
Substrate-level phosphorylation is a type of chemical reaction that results in the formation and creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the direct transfer and donation of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Krebs Questions
1. Why do living organisms only have a small amount of oxaloacetate in their cells? 2. Explain why each stage of the Krebs cycle needs to be catalysed by its own specific enzyme 3. State the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase
Krebs Questions
1. Why do living organisms only have a small amount of oxaloacetate in their cells? It is constantly being regenerated 2. Explain why each stage of the Krebs cycle needs to be catalysed by its own specific enzyme each substrate needs its own enzyme with a specifically shaped active site that is complementary to the substrate 3. State the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase it removes hydrogen from pyruvate
Task
Now try to draw glycolysis, the link reaction and the Krebs Cycle on A3 with no notes