LESSON TWO

MARRAKECH
George Orwell

Theme of Human Existence

Unfairness of the world

Limited natural resources Ecological competition (survival to the fittest) Political/economical/cultural invasion

Confrontation vs. cooperation

Pluralistic economy/culture/politics Peoples own way of existence Free choices of state systems Coexistence of mankind as a whole

Formal links

(referring to facts inside language)

Cohesive devices :( )
Verb form ( shift of tense ) Parallelism Referring expressions Repetition and lexical chains Substitution (do, so, like to) Ellipsis ( short answer, making vividness) Conjunction (or, however, so, by the way)

Contextual Links

( referring facts outside language )

Coherence in meanings ()
invisible unnoticed unawareness-- unexpected Unnoticed body: brownskined, earthcolored, undifferentiated brown stuff; undistinguished hair Unnoticed living condition: birth, death, works, health like bees; coral insets; sink back into nameless mounds of Unnoticed notable comparisons:

gazelles>navvy; storks/white birds> black people donkey>woman; tourist resorts>starved countries;

All colonial empires established on this fact

Message of the text

evil system of unawareness of

(all white men only know the secret too well to tell)

political attitude of the author:

Angry feeling Helplessness Desperation Disappointment
Great sympathy towards working people Great effort to wake up the native people

by objective description of unnoticed

notable things

Detailed study of the text

Marrakech is a piece of exposition or expository writing. The

purpose or intention of the writer of exposition (informative writing) is to inform or explain. He appeals to a reader's understanding with verifiable facts and valid information, explaining and interpreting that material so that the reader will accept his point of view or explanation. Thus he must organize and develop his thought objectively and present it with honesty and completeness so that the reader will have confidence in what he is saying.

Exposition is the most common kind of writing, for it is applicable to anything which challenges the understanding the definition of a word, the structure of a plant, the meaning of a historical event, the significance of a philosophical system, etc

Detailed study of the text

Orwell describes objectively the suffering and misery of the colonial people in Marrakech, yet he manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery. He succeeds in imparting this feeling to his readers, first, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; second, through the appropriate use of words; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes; and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.

How to discover the themes?

INTERNATIONAL DESTINATIONS

Travel Guides For travel information on destinations in the U.S., Europe, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, Asia, South America and more, visit our Online Guides. Find valuable info on hotels, restaurants, culinary events and feature stories.

Adelaide Amsterdam Bali Barcelona Belfast Berlin Budapest Dordogne Hanoi Havana Hong Kong Marrakech Melbourne

Montral Lyon Nice Paris Prague Reims Rome NEW! Sao Paulo Sydney Tokyo Vancouver Venice

What do you want to see vs. what let you see?

Enjoy the Picturesque sceneries of foreign lands? Discover the unknown historical heritages of other countries? Experience the Cultural differences of other nations?
Keep it as it has been?? Restore it as it was?

What do you think of the world heritages: Physical & spiritual

Leave it as it should be?

Turn it into sth modern? Improve it to be better?

Way of life? Means of making a living? System of marriage/family? Custom of community? social usages Relations to nature and outside world?
Question1: Can we preserve the human history at sacrifice of the progress and improvement of some selected races and communities (or nations, areas)?
Yes or no? Why? How?

It is simply because of this that starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. (p20, pr17)

Equity right of living Freedom to choose their way of living

UNESCO World Heritage List