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Sampling Techniques, PPT
Sampling Techniques, PPT
Sampling Techniques, PPT
Sample is a group of people, things, or places where data are collected. Sample is a part which represents a population (A sample is simply a subset of the population.)
Sample
The number
The methods
>1000
15-20%
A. Raffling
1 2 3 4
List all names of population Write all names in small pieces of papers, then roll them
Put the rolled papers into a box and shake the box, so the rolled papers will be mixed.
Take the rolled papers one by one until you get the number of needed sample
1 2 3 4 5
List all names of population Prepare the table of random numbers Close your eyes and tick one number using pencil. Check whether the number you choose is available in the list of population. Move your pencil up/down/left/right until you get the number of needed sample
List all names of population Determine the interval by dividing the population with the sample needed
3
4
Close your eyes and choose one number as your first sample
Determine the next samples based on the interval which has been counted before.
It is used when there are stratification in the population e.g. Population of the stratification in senior high school: grade X, XI, and XII *grade X, XI, and XII are called Subpopulation
There are two types of stratified random sampling A. Proportional Stratified Sampling B. Disproportional Stratified Sampling
A. Proportional Stratified Sampling In determining the sample, we should concern the ratio of each stratum B. Disproportional Stratified Sampling In determining the sample, we not concern about the difference of the number of subpopulations member
In a senior high school, there are 222 students of grade X,333 students of grade IX, and 444 students of grade IIX, so the total number of students is 999. Sample: 30% x 999 = 298
a. Proportional : Grade X : 30% x 222 = 67 students Grade IX : 30% x 333 = 100 students Grade IIX : 30% x 444 = 133 students
Random Sampling - Define the population - Select the sample The benefit of random sampling: It limits the probability that you choose a biased sample.
The use of stratified random sampling will permit you to include parameters of special interest and to control for internal validity in terms of selection
25% 75%
Private Public
public, urban
REMEMBER:
In stratified random sampling, you have more than one subpopulation. Each subpopulation or stratum have random basis, however all should be represented in the sample. E.g. If in the population 65% are male, so in the sample taken should be 65% male. Each stratification parameter represent a control variable, that is, a potential source of error or extraneous influence that may provide an
Representativeness of the sample can be established at an acceptable level of probability/ confidence level (z).
= 95% chance or representativeness (0.5 level) z = 1.96 = 99% chance or representativeness (0.01 level) z = 2.58
It is desirable to minimize sampling error in order to maximize sample representativeness. So that, a researcher should
Formula:
N = (z/e)2 (p) (1 p)
N = sample size z = confidence level e = proportion of sampling error in a given situation p = the estimated proportion
E. g.
How to count the sample size of Private two-year colleges account for 25 percent of all two-year colleges, when you
N = (z/e)2 (p) (1 p) N = (1.96/0.10) 2 (0,25) (1 0,25) N = (19,6) 2 (0,25) (0,75) N = (384,16) (0,1875) N = 72,03 => 72
Thank You