GAS DYNAMICS is the branch of fluid mechanics concerned with causes and effects arising from the motion of compressible fluids particularly gases. In this subject we are concerned with following fundamental physical laws.
GAS DYNAMICS is the branch of fluid mechanics concerned with causes and effects arising from the motion of compressible fluids particularly gases. In this subject we are concerned with following fundamental physical laws.
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GAS DYNAMICS is the branch of fluid mechanics concerned with causes and effects arising from the motion of compressible fluids particularly gases. In this subject we are concerned with following fundamental physical laws.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Introduction GAS DYNAMICS It is the branch of fluid mechanics concerned with causes and effects arising from the motion of compressible fluids particularly gases. Fluid Mechanics Statics Fluid Dynamics Aerodynamics Hydrodynamics Gas Dynamics In this subject we are concerned with following fundamental physical laws 1. Law of conservation of mass 2. Newtons second law of motion 3. First law of thermodynamics 4. Second law of thermodynamics Above laws are applicable to all fluids and all flow processes Above laws are applied to a fluid utilizing the continuum concept Continuum Due to elastic collisions limits of velocity are between zero and very high velocity Continuum concept may not be applicable for a gas at low pressure (High altitudes) Distance b/w two consecutive collisions is mean free path Mean free path is inversely related to molecular diameter All materials, solid or fluid, are composed of molecules discretely spread and in continuous motion. However, in dealing with fluid-flow relations on a mathematical basis, it is necessary to replace the actual molecular structure by a hypothetical continuous medium, called the continuum Continuum postulate assumes that every differential element of body of fluid contains a large number of molecules such that the average statistical properties of molecules in the differential volume represent macroscopic properties of fluid in region of that differential volume. Continuum, contd. For continuum postulate to hold, mean free path ()<< characteristic length (L) OR For boundary layer flows For continuum flows Kn < 0.01 i.e. For Kn > 0.01 gas is a combination of discrete particles Compressibility Amount by which a substance can be compressed is given by a property compressibility Compressibility is fractional change in volume per unit change in pressure Isothermal Compressibility Rise in temp is controlled by some heat transfer mechanism Isentropic Compressibility Compressibility in the form of density Liquid d is small Gas d Is small for low speed flow Is large for high speed flow Another index where Collisions between the fluid molecules causes the propagation of sound waves Propagation of sound waves is affected by molecular density of the medium Where molecular density is low, dissipation of energy occurs without colliding with any molecule (free particle flow) It is an important quantity in gas dynamics We shall study further details about speed of sound in Chapter 3 For Ideal Gas The Acoustic Speed The speed at which a sound wave or small pressure disturbance is propagated in the fluid medium s a t 1 = s s dp d | | . |
\ | =
t 1 s p a | | . |
\ | c c =
2 It is the ratio of local fluid speed V to its acoustic speed Mach Number