Computer hardware and practical topic : 5 power supply

NAME : M.DARMARAJAN ID:1230309555 LECTURER NAME : MS.SUHAILAH

Power supplies
Power is the component of the system unit that converts the wall outlet AC (alternating current ) to DC (direct current ) power. 1 volt ampere = 1 watt A power supply is a device that supplies electric power to one or more electric loads. A regulated power supply is one that controls the output voltage or current to a specific value

Power supplies

Power supply sizes

Two types:
Older model = AT-style Newest model = ATX-style
Have on /off button

atx had one power connector, 20-pin connector, at has 2 6-pin connectors, and has to be installed correctly, 2 black wires together
atx has a 3.3v power the switch mechanism is different. AT power supplies use a normal on-off switch, which directly turns the power supply on or off. ATX power supplies use a momentary switch which does not directly control the power. Instead, the switch signals the motherboard, which performs one of three actions: If the computer is off, the power supply is turned on (which turns the computer on) If the computer is on, the computer goes into power-saving mode (standby) If the switch is held for more than 4 seconds, the power is cut and the computer turns off. Because of this difference, ATX power supplies are better for projects that require the second power supply to turn on automatically when the computer is turned on.

Power supply sizes AT Power supply

ATX Power supply

Power supply wattage

Power supply rated according to the power (watt) it can supply. Power supply must produce amount of power which can operate all the motherboard and hardware components.

AT-style connection
AT uses the P8 and P9 as the main connectors where it connects to the AT socket of the motherboard When installing P8/P9 black wires which represent ground must face each other and clips face out

ATX-style connection
ATX uses the P1 power connector and goes directly into the ATX socket P1 can either be 20 or 24pins for the newer computers

Power supply failures

Surges and spikes : increase in power source . Sags :decrease in power source. Brownouts : 1 sec after sags . Blackout :complete power and equipment failure.

Surges and Spikes

When lightning strikes near a power line, whether it's underground, in a building or running along poles, the electrical energy can boost electrical pressure by millions of volts. they can be severe enough to damage components, immediately or gradually.

Power sags
A short-term decrease in utility voltage 80 to 85 percent below normal for milliseconds to a few seconds. Triggered by the startup of large loads, utility switching, utility equipment failure, power supply thats too small for the demand. Shrinking display screens, memory loss, data errors, equipment shut-off, file and hard disk and OS corruption, system crashes.

Brownouts
A brownout is a temporary interruption of power service in which the electric power is reduced. Brownouts can last for a few seconds or a few hours, depending on the type of brownout and how quickly a power utility can get full power running again.

Blackouts
complete power and equipment failure.

Power protection devices

Surge suppressors:
Filter out the effects of voltage spikes and surges.

Uninterruptible Power Supply:

Is an inline battery backup. Act as battery when the battery fails or down.

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