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Lipids
Lipids
.Monounsaturated
. Polyunsaturated
Figure 3 : Formation of TG
Figure 1 : Triglyceride
Function of Fat
Fat in Food
Energy Essential nutrient Flavor and Satisfaction
.
. . .
Fat in Body
Adipose Tissue
. . . . .
Animal Fats
Meat Fat (bacon, sausage.) Dairy Fats and products (cream, butter, cheese..) Egg yolk
Plant Fat
Monounsaturated , polyunsaturated Fatty acid corn, soybean,
Invisible Fat
Chees, cream portion of homogenised milk, egg yolk, nuts, seeds, olives..
Digestion of lipids
1. In mouth
mechanical digestion Lingual Lipase 2. In stomach mechanical digestion
Gastric lipase
3. In small intestine
Absorption of lipids
Transportation of lipids
Table 3 Lipids are transported in the plasma as lipoproteins.
Source Chylomicrons Intestine Destination Many organs Major lipids Triglycerides, other lipids Triglycerides, Cholesterol Functions Deliver lipids of dietary origin to body cell. Deliver endogenously produced triglycerides to body cells. Deliver endogenously produced cholesterol to various organs.
VLDLs
Liver
Many organs
LDLs
Cholesterol
HDLs
Cholesterol
Lipids Metabolism
. . .
lipid metabolism.
Adipose tissue is the main store of triglyceride
Fatty acids are both oxidized to acetyl CoA and synthesized from acetyl CoA.
Lipolysis
. .
mitochonderia.
catabolized (oxidized).
Fatty acid + ATP + CoA Acyl CoA + AMP + PPi
Long chain fatty acids penetrate the inner Mitochinderial membrane as carnitine derivatives.
. .
pathway.
The chain is broken between the (2) and (3)
carbon atoms.
Ketone bodies
Ketogenesis occurs when there is a high rate of fatty acid oxidation in the Liver (figure 10).
Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA CoA
Acetoacetate
-hydroxy butyrate
Acetone
Lipogenesis
Cholesterol
. It is an essential structural
lipoprotien.
Figure 14 : Cholesterol
Acetyl CoA
CoA -hydroxy- - methylglutaryl CoA HMG-CoA reductase Mevalonate Squalene
Farmesyl pyrophosphate
Cyclization
References
Brene, R., Levy, M., Koeppen, B., Stanton, B., (2004) Physiology, Fifth edition. Mosby.
Lehninger, A., Nelson, D., Cox, M.,(1993) Principles of Biochemistry, 2nd edtion. Worth Puplishers.
Murray, R., Granner, D., Mayes, P., Rodwell, V., (1996) Hapers Biochemistry, 24th edition, Prentic-Hall International, Inc. Seeley, R., Stephens, T., Tate, P., (1992) Anatomy and Physiology,Mosby Yearbook.